Henderson-Sellers, A., Z-L. Yang, and R. E. Dickinson,The Project for Intercomparison of Land-surface Parameterization Schemes, Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 1993, 74(7), 1335~1349.
[10]
Henderson-Sellers, A., A. J. Pitman, P. K. Love et al., The Project for Intercomparison of Land surface Parameterization Schemes (PILPS): Phases 2 & 3, Bull. Amer.Meteor.Soc.,1995, 76(4), 489~503.
[11]
Yang Zongliang, and R. E. Dickinson., Preliminary study of spin-up processes in land surface models with the first stage data of Project for intercomprison of Land Surface Parameterization Schemes pkase1(a), J. Geophys. Res.,1995, 100, 16553~16578.
Liang X., D. P. Lettenmaier,E. F. Wood, et al., A simple hydrologically based model of land surface water and energy fluxes for general circulation models, J. Geophys. Res.,1994, 99(D7): 415~428.
[16]
Flerchinger, G. N., Sensitivity of soil freezing simulated by the SHAW Model, Transactions of the American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 1991, 34(6), 2381~2389.
[17]
Johnson, K. D., and D. Entekhabi, The implementation and validation of improved land-surface hydrology in an atmospheric geneal circulation model, J. Climate, 1993, 6(6), 1009~1026.
[18]
Flerchinger, G. N., J. M. Baker and E. J. A. Spaans, A test of the radiative energy balance of the SHAW model for snow-cover, Hydrological Processes, 1996, 10, 1359~1367.
[19]
Dickinson, R. E., Land surface process and climate-surface albedos and energy balabnce, Advance in Geophysics, 1983, 25: 305~353.
[20]
Sellers, P. J., Canopy reflectance,photosynthesis and transpiration, Int.Res. Romote Sens., 1985, 68, 1335~1372.
[21]
Sellers, P. J., J. Berry, J. A. Collatz et al., Canopy reflectance,photosynthesis and transpiration.III.A reanalysis using improved leaf models and a new canopy integration scheme, Remote. Sen. Environ.,1992, 42(3),187~216.
[22]
Dyer, A. J., A review of flux profile relationships, Bound. -Layer Meteor., 1974, 7, 363~372.
[23]
Kader, B. A., and A. M. Yaglom, Mean fields and fluctuation moments in unstably stratified turbulent boundary layers, J. Fluid Mech., 1990, 212, 637~662.
[24]
Holtslag, A. A. M., and H. A. R. de Bruin, Applied modeling of nighttime surface energy balance over land, J. Appl. Meteor., 1988, 27, 689~704.
[25]
Zeng XuBin, Zhao Ming, and R. E. Dickinson, Intercomparison of bulk aerodynamic algorithms for the computation of sea surface fluxes using TOGA COARE and TAO data, J. Climate, 1998, 11, 2628~2644.
[26]
Sun Shufen, Moisture and heat transport in a soil layer forced by atmospheric conditions. M.S.Thesis. Dept. of Civil Engineering, University of Connecticut, 1982, 25pp.
[27]
Kondo, J., and T. Yamazaki, A prediction model for snowmelt,snow surface temperature and freezing depth using a heat balance method, J. Appl. Meteor., 1990, 29(5), 375~384.
[28]
Marshall, S., An improved snow hydrology for GCMs.Part 1:snow cover fraction,albedo,gain size, and age, Climate Dyn., 1994, 10(1), 21~37.
[29]
Marshall, S., and J. O. Roads, Snow hydrology in a general circulation model, J. Climate, 1994, 7, 1251~1269.
[30]
Verseghy, D. L., Class-A Canadian land surface schems for GCMS, I. Soil model and coupled runs, Int. J. Climatol., 1991, 11, 111~133.
[31]
Henderson-Sellers, A., K. McGuffie, and A. J. Pitman, The Project for Intercomparison of Land-Surface Parameterization Schemes (PILPS): 1992 to 1995, Climate Dynamics, 1996, 12(12), 849~859.
[32]
Wood, E. F., D. P. Lettenmaier, X. Liang et al., The project for intercomprison of land-surface parameterization scheme(PILPS) Phase 2c:Red-Arkansas river basin experiment.1.experiment description and summary intercomparisons, Global. Planet. Change, 1998, 19,115~136.
[33]
Liang Xu, E. F. Wood, D. P. Lettenmaier et al.,The project for intercomprison of land-surface parameterization scheme (PILPS) Phase 2c:Red-Arkansas river basin experiment.2.Spatial and temporal analysis of energy fluxes, Global Planet Change, 1998, 19, 137~160.
[34]
Schlosser, C. A., A. Slater, A. Robock et al., Simulations of a boreal grassland hydrology at Valdai,Russia:PILPS 2(d), Mon. Wea. Rev. , 2000, 128(2), 301~321.
[35]
Dickinson, R. E., J. Jager, W. M. Washington et al., Boundary subroutine for the NCAR globale climate model, NCAR Technical. Note-173+IA, 1981, 75pp.
[36]
Dickinson, R. E., A. Henderson-Sellers,P. J. Kennedy et al., Biosphere-Atmosphere Tansfer Scheme(BATs) for the NCAR Community Climate Model, NCAR Technical. Note-275+STR, 1986, 69pp.
[37]
Dickinson, R. E., A. Henderson-Sellers, and P. J. Kennedy, Biosphere-Atmosphere Tansfer Scheme (BATs) Version 1e as coupled to the NCAR Community Climate Model, NCAR Technical. Note- 378+STR, 1993, 72pp.
[38]
Sellers, P. J., Y. Mintz, Y. C. Sud et al., A Simple Biosphere scheme for use within GCMs, J. Atmos. Sci., 1986, 43, 505~531.
[39]
Bonan, G. B., The NCAR land surface model (LSM version 1.0) coupled to the NCAR Community Climate Model, NCAR Technical Note NCAR/TN-429+STR. National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado, 1996, 171pp.
[40]
Dai Yongjiu, Zeng Xubin, R. E. Dickinson et al., The Common Land Model, Bull.Amer.Meteor.Soc., 2003, 84(8), 1013~1023.
[41]
Anderson, E. A., A point energy and mass balance of a snow cover, NOAA Tech.Rep.NWS 19 U.S, Department of Commerce. NOAA, National Weather Service. Siler Spring, MD.1976, 150pp.
[42]
Jordan, R., A one-dimensional temperature model for a snow cover, CRREL Special Report 91-16, 1991, 49pp.
[43]
Loth, B. and H. F. Graf., Snow cover model for gloal climate simulation, J. Geophys. Res., 1993, 8(D6),10451~10464.
[44]
Lynch-Stieglitz, M., The development and validation of a simple snow model for the GISS GCM, J. Climate, 1994, 7(12), 1842~1855.
Staehli, M., and P. E. Jansson, Test of two SVAT snow submodels during different winter conditions, Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 1998, 92(1), 29~42.
Philip J. R., and D. A. de Vries, Moisture movement in porous material under temperature gradient, Trans. Am. Geophys. Union, 1957a, 38(2), 222~228.
[49]
Philip J. R., Evaporation and moisture and heat filed in the soil, J. Meteor., 1957b, 14(8), 354~366.
[50]
Milly, P. C. D., Moisture and heat transport in hysteretic,inhomogeneous porous media:matric head based formulation and a numerical models, Ralph M. Parsons Lab. Rep. 279, MIT, Cambridge. 1982, 256pp.