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地质学报  2005 

晚新生代岷江下蚀速率及其对青藏高原东缘山脉隆升机制和形成时限的定量约束

, PP. 28-37

Keywords: 青藏高原东缘,阶地,岷江,下蚀速率,表面隆升速率

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Abstract:

青藏高原东缘具有青藏高原地貌、龙门山高山地貌和山前冲积平原三个一级地貌单元,本文以岷江作为切入点,研究了该地区河流下蚀速率与山脉的隆升作用之间的相互关系。在建立岷江阶地序列的基础上,利用阶地高程和热释光年代学测年资料分别定量计算了岷江在川西高原、龙门山和成都盆地的下蚀速率,结果表明岷江各河段的下蚀速率明显不同,分别为1.07~1.61mm/a、1.81mm/a和0.59mm/a;在龙门山地区岷江的下蚀速率最高,约为川西高原地区的1.5倍,约为成都平原地区的3倍;而同一河段不同时期岷江的下蚀速率基本是连续的,具有很好的线性关系,可作为该河段整个河谷的下蚀速率。基于龙门山的表面隆升速率(0.3~0.4mm/a),在约束局部侵蚀基准面和气候变化对阶地形成的控制作用的基础上,本文建立了青藏高原东缘岷江下蚀速率与龙门山表面隆升速率之间的线性关系,结果表明河流下蚀速率约为山脉表面隆升速率的5倍。根据龙门山表面在隆升速率和下切速率等方面均大于川西高原,并结合龙门山活动构造以走滑作用为主,笔者认为青藏高原东缘的边缘山脉以剥蚀隆升为主,兼有构造隆升作用。最后,根据岷江最大切割深度所需的时间(3.48Ma)和成都盆地最古老的岷江冲积扇大邑砾岩的时间(3.6Ma

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