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湖泊科学  2015 

武汉市湖泊景观动态遥感分析(19732013年)

DOI: 10.18307/2015.0424

Keywords: 湖泊,景观,遥感,武汉市

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Abstract:

城市湖泊是城市湿地的重要组成部分,其演变受到人类活动的严重干扰,也影响城市的可持续发展.利用19732013年40年间LandsatMSS(3景)、Landsat5TM(5景)和Landsat8(1景)共9景遥感影像,从景观角度分析武汉市主要湖泊的变化.首先借助遥感和地理信息系统技术提取湖泊信息,然后通过主成分分析法选取平均斑块面积(MPS)、斑块面积标准差(PSSD)、边界密度(ED)和斑块平均分维数(MPDF)4个景观指数用于湖泊景观分析.结果表明,武汉市湖泊变化经历了4大阶段:(1)1970s,由于“围湖造田”政策的推行,湖泊总面积、MPS和PSSD急剧减小,湖泊斑块数量(尤其是小型湖泊)急剧增加,大湖破碎、小湖增加;(2)1980s,推行“退田还湖”政策,湖泊总面积有较大回升,但小型湖泊消亡现象较为严重;(3)1990s,由于经济发展和人口增长等原因,湖泊水面面积仍缓慢波动减小;(4)21世纪后,湖泊斑块数量持续缓慢增加,但湖泊总面积呈减少趋势,故又可能进入一轮大湖萎缩或破碎、小湖增加的阶段.总体而言,武汉城市湖泊受到人为干扰和政策导向影响明显,应大力加强湖泊的科学管理,合理地开发利用,保护好湖泊自然资源.

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