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环境化学  2015 

DOI:10.7524/j.issn.0254-6108.2014.05.002

Keywords: 高等植物,煤烟尘,机动车尾气尘,正构烷烃,源成分谱

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Abstract:

采集高等植物、煤烟尘和机动车尾气尘样品,利用GC-MS测定正构烷烃,分析了其源成分谱组成和排放特征.结果表明,高等植物、煤烟尘和机动车尾气尘正构烷烃总含量分别为47.78—305.56μg·g-1、0.35—20.94μg·g-1和3.87—351.06μg·m-3.煤烟尘以低碳数(≤n-C20)为主,高等植物以高碳数(≥n-C25)为主,而机动车尾气尘则介于上述二者之间(n-C20—n-C25);主峰碳对总烷烃浓度贡献率平均为42.99%、14.99%和20.69%,高等植物排放总烷烃中主峰碳贡献率明显高于化石燃料燃烧排放.植物蜡质烷烃组分随环境压力的增大总含量增加;同一纬度地区植物类型是影响平均碳链长度(ACL)的重要因素.家用燃煤排放正构烷烃高于工业排放,但各燃煤灰中烷烃分布特征相似,呈前峰型分布.柴油车尾气尘中总正构烷烃含量是汽油车的90.71倍,天然气尾气尘烷烃排放水平介于二者之间;柴油车尾气以n-C22为主峰碳,呈正态分布,而汽油和天然气车呈后峰型;天然气和柴油车尾气中未分解复杂混合物(UCM)丰度明显高于汽油车.各类源正构烷烃成分谱的建立,可为准确解析环境空气中正构烷烃来源提供基础依据.

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