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北京市采暖期PM_(2.5)中有机碳和元素碳的污染特征与来源解析

Keywords: 大气细颗粒物(PM2.5),有机碳(OC),元素碳(EC),来源解析,正矩阵因子分解(PMF)

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Abstract:

为研究北京市采暖期PM2.5中有机碳(organiccarbon,OC)和元素碳(elementalcarbon,EC)的污染特征和来源,于2011年12月至2012年2月在北京师范大学监测点进行PM2.5样品的采集.本研究分析PM2.5及其OC和EC的质量浓度变化特征,并采用ρ(OC)/ρ(EC)最小比值法估算二次有机碳(secondaryorganiccarbon,SOC)的质量浓度.除此之外,从定性和定量两方面研究OC和EC的来源及其来源贡献量.结果表明:北京市采暖期PM2.5平均质量浓度为(90.69±61.86)μg/m3,其中OC和EC的平均质量浓度分别为(21.91±12.02)、(5.03±2.58)μg/m3,分别占PM2.5的24.16%和5.55%;SOC的平均质量浓度为(8.37±6.05)μg/m3,占总有机碳(totalorganiccarbon,TOC)质量浓度的37.27%.PM2.5中OC和EC的相关系数较高,表明它们来源相同,且主要来源于机动车尾气、燃煤排放.机动车尾气排放的贡献量达44.70%,成为OC、EC的重要来源.因此,严格控制机动车保有量的快速增长,减少机动车尾气排放,将成为改善城市大气环境质量的重要手段之一.

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