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不同水分条件下几种氮肥对水稻土中外源镉转化的动态影响

Keywords: ,氮肥,水稻土,转化,pH

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Abstract:

通过室内培养试验,研究了不同形态氮肥对两种水分条件下,水稻土外源镉转化的动态影响。结果表明,不同氮肥对供试水稻土中镉的转化有显著影响。施用尿素显著降低了土壤水溶态镉和有效态镉的含量;施用铵态氮肥则显著提高了两种形态镉的含量,且氯化铵的作用大于硫酸铵;施用硝酸钙显著提高了水溶态镉含量,但对有效态镉影响较小,或有一定的抑制作用(淹水时)。随培养时间的延长,60%田间持水量条件下,尿素对两种形态镉的抑制效应逐渐转为正效应,硝酸钙对水溶态镉的促进作用逐渐减弱,而铵态氮肥对两种水分条件下两种形态镉的促进作用更加显著;淹水处理较60%田间持水量使土壤两种形态镉含量下降,随时间延长该效应更加明显。不同氮肥和水分状况对土壤水溶态镉的影响较有效态镉更加突出。不同氮肥影响土壤镉变化的主要机制不是铵离子的直接作用,而是土壤pH的变化,pH对水溶态镉的影响效应远远超过对有效态镉的影响。一定条件下,氯离子对水溶态镉的影响效应不及pH大,但对有效态镉的影响氯离子较pH的作用更加突出。

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