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3种常见海洋贝类对重金属Hg Pb和Cd的积累与释放特征比较

Keywords: 海洋双壳类,重金属,积累,释放,生物富集系数

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Abstract:

为了比较不同种类的海洋双壳类软体动物对重金属的积累和释放特征,本文分别以南海海域常见的3种经济贝类菲律宾蛤仔、近江牡蛎和翡翠贻贝为生物材料,采用静态暴露染毒方式研究了重金属Hg、Pb、Cd在这3种海洋贝类体内的积累和释放特征。结果表明,单一浓度的Hg(0.020mg·L-1)、Pb(0.10mg·L-1)、Cd(0.10mg·L-1)重金属混合液暴露15d后测得Hg和Cd在近江牡蛎体内的蓄积量最大,整个积累阶段蓄积量的平均值分别为49.61mg·kg-1湿重和7.66mg·kg-1湿重,而3种贝类体内蓄积的Pb含量差别不大,其平均值在1.08~1.85mg·L-1湿重范围变化;在排放阶段,蓄积于3种贝类体内的Pb和Hg的含量在释放过程的第3d就明显下降,其释放比例最高可达72%,最低也有12%左右,但之后一直到释放阶段结束,Pb和Hg的含量基本维持在一个浓度水平而未有显著变化,而Cd在3种贝类体内的含量始终未发现有明显改变。通过比较我们还发现,随暴露时间延长重金属在3种生物体内积累量的增加趋势具有很好的一致性,并且近江牡蛎对Hg、Pb、Cd的富集作用最为明显,积累阶段其平均生物富集系数(BCF)(分别为2435.6、11.3、76.5)远高于菲律宾蛤仔(分别为53.7

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