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紫茎泽兰入侵对土壤肥力特征的影响及其动态研究

Keywords: 紫茎泽兰,土壤肥力特征,外来入侵植物,生态修复

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Abstract:

采用室内分析方法,测定了紫茎泽兰入侵不同年份的种群根际土壤N、P、K养分状况及其季节动态,比较分析了紫茎泽兰入侵对土壤养分影响在其入侵过程中的意义。结果表明,紫茎泽兰的入侵显著提高了根际土壤NH4+-N、NO3--N、全钾和有效钾的含量,降低了土壤全磷和有效磷的含量,而对土壤全氮含量没有明显影响。不同入侵种群根际土壤养分含量随季节变化的趋势为:土壤NH4+-N上升,NO3--N降低,有效磷和全钾先升后降,而全氮和全磷无明显季节变化,这可能是在年内生长过程中,紫茎泽兰能够通过活化土壤含磷化合物来满足自身生长的需求,对土壤NO3--N和有效钾的吸收利用较多,而对土壤NH4+-N的需求较少所致。紫茎泽兰入侵对根际土壤不同肥力特征的正负影响及其自身的适应特性可能是其能够入侵成功和快速扩张蔓延的生态机制之一;应用不同功能型植物建立生态群落以充分利用土壤养分资源,将在紫茎泽兰的生态控制和其入侵地的生态修复中起到较好的效果。

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