侯艳伟, 曾月芬, 安增莉. 生物炭施用对污染红壤中重金属化学形态的影响[J]. 内蒙古大学学报:自然科学版, 2011, 42(4):460-466.HOU Yan-wei, ZENG Yue-fen, AN Zeng-li. Effects of the application of biochar on the chemical fraction of heavy metals in polluted red soil[J]. Journal of Inner Mongolia University: Natural Science Edition, 2011, 42(4):460-466.
[2]
Masulili A, Utomo W H. Rice husk biochar for rice based cropping system in acid soil:Ⅰ.The characteristics of rice husk biochar and its influence on the properties of acid sulfate soils and rice growth in West Kalimantan, Indonesia[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science, 2010, 2（1）：39-48.
[3]
Asai H, Samson B K, Stephan H M, et al. Biochar amendment techniques for upland rice production in Northern Laos：Ⅰ.Soil physical properties, leaf SPAD and grain yield[J]. Field Crops Research, 2009, 111, 81-84.
[4]
Zheng X H, Mei B L, Wang Y H, et al. Quantification of N2O fluxes from soil-plant systems may be biased by the applied gas chromatograph methodology[J]. Plant Soil, 2008, doi：10. 1007/s11104-008-9673-6.
[5]
Bruun E W, Müller-St?觟ver D, Ambus P, et al. Application of biochar to soil and N2O emissions：Potential effects of blending fast-pyrolysis biochar with anaerobically digested slurry[J]. European Journal of Soil Science, 2011, 62, 581-589.
[6]
Singh B P, Hatton B J, Singh B, et al. Influence of biochars on nitrous oxide emission and nitrogen leaching from two contrasting soils[J]. Journal Environmental Quality, 2010, 39：1224-1235.
[7]
Ding Y, Liu Y X, Wu W X, et al. Evaluation of biochar effects on nitrogen retention and leaching in multi-layered soil columns[J]. Water Air Soil Pollution, 2010, 213：47-55.
[8]
Case S D C, McNamara N P, Reay D S, et al. The effect of biochar addition on N2O and CO2 emissions from a sandy loam soil：The role of soil aeration[J]. Soil Biology & Biochemistry, 2012, 51：125-134.
[9]
Galveza A, Siniccoa T, Cayuelac M L, et al. Short term effects of bioenergy by-products on soil C and N dynamics, nutrient availability and biochemical properties[J]. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 2011, doi：10. 1016/j. agee. 2011. 06. 015.
[10]
范晓晖, 朱兆良. 旱地土壤中的硝化—反硝化作用[J]. 土壤通报, 2002, 33（5）：385-391.FAN Xiao-hui, ZHU Zhao-liang. Potential of nitrification in the three soil profiles of China[J]. Chinese Journal of Soil Science, 2002, 33（5）：124－125.
[11]
Chen C R, Philips I R, Condron L M, et al. Impacts of greenwaste biochar on ammonia volatilisation from bauxite processing residue sand[J]. Plant Soil, 2012, doi：10. 1007/s11104-012-1468-0.
[12]
Cross A, Sohi S P. The priming potential of biochar products in relation to labile carbon contents and soil organic matter status[J]. Soil Biology & Biochemistry, 2011, 43：2127-2134.
[13]
Awad Y M, Blagodatskaya E, Ok Y S, et al. Effects of polyacrylamide, biopolymer, and biochar on decomposition of soil organic matter and plant residues as determined by 14C and enzyme activities[J]. European Journal of Soil Biology, 2012, 48：1-10.
[14]
Jones D L, Murphy D V, Khalid M, et al. Short-term biochar-induced increase in soil CO2 release is both biotically and abiotically mediated[J]. Soil Biology & Biochemistry, 2011, 43：1723-1731.
[15]
Smith J L, Collins H P, Baily V L. The effect of young biochar on soil respiration[J]. Soil Biology & Biochemistry, 2010, 42：2345-2347.
[16]
Ameloot N, De Neve S, Jegajeevagan K, et al. Short-term CO2 and N2O emissions and microbial properties of biochar amended sandy loam soils[J]. Soil Biology & Biochemistry, 2013, 57：401-410.
[17]
Bruun E W, Hauggaard-Nielsen H, Ibrahim N, et al. Influence of fast pyrolysis temperature on biochar labile fraction and short-term carbon loss in a loamy soil[J]. Biomass and Bioenergy, 2011, 35：1182-1189.
[18]
Luo Y, Durenkamp M, De Nobili M, et al. Short term soil priming effects and the mineralisation of biochar following its incorporation to soils of different pH[J]. Soil Biology & Biochemistry, 2011, 43：2304-2314.
[19]
邱炜红, 刘金山, 胡承孝, 等. 不同施氮水平对菜地土壤N2O 排放的影响[J]. 农业环境科学学报, 2010, 29(11):2238-2243.QIU Wei-hong, Liu Jin-shan, Hu Cheng-xiao, et al. Effects of nitrogen application rates on nitrous oxide emission from a typical intensive vegetable cropping system[J]. Journal of Agro-Environment Science, 2010, 29(11):2238-2243.
[20]
Zheng X H, Han S H, Huang Y, et al. Re-quantifying the emission factors based on field measurements and estimating the direct N2O emission from Chinese croplands[J]. Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 2004, 18：1-19.
[21]
于亚军, 朱 波, 荆光军. 成都平原土壤—蔬菜系统N2O排放特征[J]. 中国环境科学, 2008, 28(4):313-318.YU Ya-jun, ZHU Bo, JING Guang-jun. N2O emission from soil-vegetable system and impact factors in Chengdu Plain of Sichuan Basin[J]. China Environmental Science, 2008, 28(4):313-318.
[22]
He F F, Jiang R F, Chen Q, et al. Nitrous oxide emission from the intensive management greenhouse vegetable cropping system in Northern China[J]. Environmental Pollution, 2009, 157：1666-1672.
[23]
Van Zwieten L, Kimber S, Morris S, et al. Effects of biochar from slow pyrolysis of papermill waste on agronomic performance and soil fertility[J]. Plant Soil, 2010, 327：235-246.
[24]
陈红霞, 杜章留, 郭 伟, 等. 施用生物炭对华北平原农田土壤容重、阳离子交换量和颗粒有机质含量的影响[J]. 应用生态学报, 2011, 22(11):2930-2934.CHEN Hong-xia, DU Zhang-liu, GUO Wei, et al. Effects of biochar amendment on cropland soil bulk density, cation exchange capacity, and particulate organic matter content in the North China Plain[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2011, 22(11):2930-2934.
[25]
Major J, Rondon M, Molina D, et al. Maize yield and nutrition during 4 years after biochar application to a Colombian savanna oxisol[J]. Plant Soil, 2010, 333：117－128.
[26]
Wang J Y, Zhang M, Xiong Z Q, et al. Effects of biochar addition on N2O and CO2 emissions from two paddy soils[J]. Biology Fertilizer Soils, 2011, doi：10. 1007/s00374-011-0595-8.
[27]
Zhang A F, Cui L Q, Pan G X, et al. Effect of biochar amendment on yield and methane and nitrous oxide emissions from a rice paddy from Tai Lake plain, China[J]. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 2010, 139：469－475.
[28]
Zhang A F, Cui L Q, Pan G X, et al. Effect of biochar amendment on maize yield and greenhouse gas emissions from a soil organic carbon poor calcareous loamy soil from Central China Plain[J]. Plant Soil, 2011, doi：10. 1007/s11104-011-0957-x.
[29]
Clough T J, Condron L M. Biochar and the nitrogen cycle[J]. Journal Environmental Quality, 2010, 39：1218-1223.
[30]
Nieder R, Benbi D K, Scherer H W. Fixation and defixation of ammonium in soils：A review[J]. Biology Fertilizer Soils, 2011, 47：1-14.
[31]
Lehmann J, da Silva Jr J P, Steiner C, et al. Nutrient availability and leaching in an archaeological Anthrosol and a Ferralsol of the Central Amazon basin:Fertilizer, manure and charcoal amendments[J]. Plant and Soil, 2003, 249:343-357.
[32]
Zavalloni C, Albertia G, Biasiol S, et al. Microbial mineralization of biochar and wheat straw mixture in soil：A short-term study[J]. Applied Soil Ecology, 2011, 50：45-51.
[33]
Scheer C, Peter R G, David W R, et al. Effect of biochar amendment on the soil-atmosphere exchange of greenhouse gases from an intensive subtropical pasture in northern New South Wales, Australia[J]. Plant Soil, 2011, DOI：10. 1007/s11104-011-0759-1.
[34]
Jones D L, Rousk J, Edwards-Jones G, et al. Biochar-mediated changes in soil quality and plant growth in a three year field trial[J]. Soil Biology & Biochemistry, 2012, 45：113-124.
[35]
Zimmerman A R. Abiotic and microbial oxidation of laboratory-produced black carbon（biochar）[J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2010, 44：295-1301.
[36]
Castaldi S, Riondino M, Baronti S, et al. Impact of biochar application to a Mediterranean wheat crop on soil microbial activity and greenhouse gas fluxes[J]. Chemosphere, 2011, 85:1464-1471.
[37]
Quilliama R S, Marsdena K A, Gertlerc C, et al. Nutrient dynamics, microbial growth and weed emergence in biochar amended soil are influenced by time since application and reapplication rate[J]. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 2012, 158：192-199.
