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规模化养猪场处理废水对水稻中微量及重金属元素含量的影响

DOI: 10.11654/jaes.2013.08.022, PP. 1639-1647

Keywords: 养猪废水,水稻,中微量元素,重金属元素

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Abstract:

以迟熟中粳“淮稻5号”和经过无害化处理的规模化养猪场处理废水为供试材料,在减施N肥和不施入P、K肥的条件下,研究施入不同量废水对常规粳稻植株及籽粒中5种重金属元素和6种主要中微量元素含量的影响。结果表明:Pb、As、Ca、Mg和Fe元素含量均以基肥施入处理废水90m3·hm-2、穗期施入处理废水120m3·hm-2配施187.5kg·hm-2N肥处理为最高;Cd、Hg、Cr和Mn元素含量均以常规施肥处理为最高;Cu除籽粒外,以纯废水处理(基肥施入处理废水90m3·hm-2、穗期施入处理废水120m3·hm-2,不施入肥料)为最高;Zn除拔节期外,基肥施入处理废水90m3·hm-2,穗期施入处理废水120m3·hm-2配施187.5kg·hm-2处理最高。As、Pb、Mg、Ca、Zn、Fe、Mn和Cu于各生育期在基施处理废水量相同的情况下,均随着穗期处理废水施用量的增加而增加,但是Hg、Cd和Cr与此相反。各处理中水稻籽粒Pb、Cd、Cr、As和Hg的含量均低于相应的污染物限量标准,而水稻植株和籽粒中Zn、Fe、Mn、Ca和Mg营养得到提高,特别是Fe和Ca的含量得到了强化。因此,与常规施肥处理相比,处理废水替代化肥能够提高水稻籽粒中的有益元素含量,同时并未引起重金属元素含量的显著上升,且使Hg、Cd和Cr含量下降。

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