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应用化学提取法评价大气颗粒物中重金属的生物有效性

Keywords: 大气颗粒物,重金属,生物有效性,化学提取法,化学形态

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Abstract:

以广州市楼顶降尘为研究对象,在分析其粒度分布和重金属总量的基础上,采用单一化学提取法(DWLP、TCLP)和多级化学提取法(SEP)研究了大气颗粒物中4种重金属元素的生物有效性。结果表明:样品中96%以上颗粒小于100μm,其中10μm和2.5μm以下颗粒分别占33%和11%。大气颗粒物中重金属含量很高,Cu、Pb、Zn和Cd的平均含量分别为362.43、1033.81、830.32和5.80mg/kg,是广东省环境土壤背景值的17~64倍。单一提取法中,TCLP的提取效率明显高于DWLP,表明pH值是影响大气颗粒物中重金属释放的主要因素。SEP法结果显示,Zn和Cd的生物可利用态比例远高于Cu和Pb。经DWLP和TCLP法提取后,颗粒物中重金属的总含量有不同程度的降低,生物可利用态所占比例明显增加。通过综合分析,发现SEP比其他两种方法更适用于评价大气颗粒物中重金属的生物有效性。

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