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猪场生物发酵床垫料卫生研究

Keywords: 发酵床垫料,卫生状况,青菜,重金属沉积

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Abstract:

通过选择有3个采用发酵床养猪模式的猪场,采集不同使用年限、不同深度及饲养不同阶段猪舍的发酵床垫料,通过测定水分、总N、总P、可溶性盐、黄曲霉毒素B1(AFB1)、枯草芽孢杆菌和大肠杆菌数目、Cu和Zn含量(全重金属及有效态重金属)评估垫料的卫生学状况。并将垫料与土壤以不同比例混合,研究对植物生长及Cu、Zn在植株中残留影响。研究表明,发酵床垫料随着深度增加,垫料的水分含量逐渐降低,温度逐渐升高,大肠杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌数量减少。随着发酵床使用年限的延长,总N随垫料使用时间延长而变低,而总P含量随时间延长而增加,但变化均不显著(P>0.05);Cu、Zn、Pb、可溶性盐含量都呈现显著的增加(P<0.05)。在1年、2年、3年期的垫料中AFB1均有检出,含量均小于10μg/kg。种植实验结果显示,土壤添加垫料后,Cu、Zn含量随着添加比例增加而增加,植物中残留量随着垫料添加比例的增加而增加。因此在处理发酵床垫料时,要综合考虑其对环境及食品安全的影响。

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