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高速列车转向架空气阻力的数值模拟

, PP. 45-51

Keywords: 高速列车,转向架,有限体积法,空气阻力,列车空气动力学,流场结构

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Abstract:

为了研究转向架的空气阻力特性,建立了列车空气动力学模型。基于三维定常可压缩N-S方程和k-ε两方程湍流模型,采用有限体积法对速度为400km.h-1的高速列车空气动力学性能进行了数值模拟,分析了车底结构对转向架气动力的影响。研究结果表明转向架区域的流场结构非常复杂,转向架前后都会有漩涡形成;高速列车各转向架所受气动阻力差别很大,无侧风条件下,头车一位端转向架阻力是第4转向架阻力的4倍以上;转向架气动阻力占列车总阻力的20%以上,在侧风作用下占40%以上;不同车体底部形状使转向架阻力最大相差30%以上;适当改进列车底部结构,有利于减少转向架的气动阻力,进而减小列车运行气动阻力。

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