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大豆科学  2009 

中国野生和栽培大豆11S及7S蛋白质相对含量的比较分析

DOI: 10.11861/j.issn.1000-9841.2009.05.0759, PP. 759-757

Keywords: 野生大豆(G.sojaSieb.etZucc.),栽培大豆(G.max(L.)Merr.),S蛋白质,S蛋白质,S/S比值,蛋白质亚基组,遗传变异,生态区

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Abstract:

大豆种质蛋白质11S和7S及其亚基组相对含量的遗传变异是专用型品种选育的基础。以全国各生态区的野生豆138份和地方品种409份,国内育成品种148份、国外育成品种83份,合计778份大豆种质为材料,采用SDS-PAGE电泳技术测定蛋白质11S和7S组分及其亚基组相对含量,研究其遗传变异。在南京同一条件下的结果表明:全国野生豆、地方品种和育成品种11S相对含量平均分别为54.7%、64.8%和71.7%,变幅28.8%~82.6%、38.8%~79.4%和48.2%~88.9%;7S相对含量平均分别为44.7%、34.9%和27.9%,变幅20.6%~71.2%、20.6%~61.1%和15.7%~47.8%;11S/7S比值平均分别为1.4、2.0和2.7,变幅0.4~3.9、0.6~3.9和0.9~4.0。野生豆驯化为栽培豆并经选育后11S相对含量和11S/7S比值上升,7S相对含量下降,变幅均减小;亚基组11S-2和11S-3相对含量增加;7S的6个亚基组,尤其7S-1和7S-6,相对含量下降。11S、7S、11S/7S以及各亚基组在各群体各生态区内均有较大变异,但与来源地纬度、蛋白质和油脂含量均无显著相关。从中优选到11S/7S比值大于3.7、11S相对含量为78.9%~88.9%的8份种质,发现有11S的4个亚基组相对含量分别大于37%、7S的6个亚基组相对含量分别大于24%、以及11S-1和7S的6个亚基组缺失的种质,这些特异种质可供蛋白质组分育种利用。

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