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大豆科学  2009 

黑土区不同轮作系统大豆根际镰孢菌种群结构和数量

DOI: 10.11861/j.issn.1000-9841.2009.01.0097, PP. 97-102

Keywords: 大豆,根际土壤,镰孢菌,形态学鉴定

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Abstract:

对中国科学院海伦农业生态试验站长期定位区大豆连作17年、小麦-玉米-大豆轮作、玉米-大豆迎茬和大豆连作2年,分别取分枝期、花期和鼓粒期的大豆根际土壤,采用土粒平板法进行镰孢菌分离,探讨大豆连作对镰孢菌种群结构和数量的影响。根据形态学特征鉴定出6种镰孢菌,即锐顶镰孢(F.acuminatumEllis&Everhart)、黄色镰孢(F.culmorum(W.G.Smith)Sacc.)、木贼镰孢(F.equiseti(Corda)Sacc.)、禾谷镰孢(F.graminearumSchwabe)、尖孢镰孢(F.oxysporumSchlecht.)和腐皮镰孢(F.solani(Mart.)Sacc.)。在不同生育期及不同轮作系统大豆根际土壤中尖孢镰孢(F.oxysporum)数量较高,与其它种类相比差异显著(P<0.05),是大豆根际土壤中的优势菌。不同轮作系统大豆根际土壤以尖孢镰孢数量平均值最高,其次为腐皮镰孢;不同轮作系统镰孢菌总量动态变化一致,花期轮作镰孢菌数量最高为1.54×104个g-1干土,与大豆连作17年相比差异明显。在3个生育期大豆连作17年尖孢镰孢数量均略低于轮作。

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