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草业学报  2012 

青藏高原草地生态系统碳循环研究进展

, PP. 275-285

Keywords: 青藏高原,高寒草地生态系统,碳循环

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Abstract:

青藏高原属于气候变化的敏感区和生态脆弱带,对气候变化和人类活动扰动十分敏感,在未来全球碳循环调控中发挥着重要的作用。为增进对青藏高原高寒草地生态系统碳循环的理解,综述了近10年来气候变化、氮沉降和人类活动干扰下青藏高原温室气体排放、土壤碳库变化以及模型模拟应用等方面的最新研究进展。概括出高寒草地生态系统碳循环研究的草地类型主要包括高寒草原、高寒草甸、灌丛草甸草原、沼泽化草甸以及高寒湿地等。阐述了温室气体产生的机理、青藏高原高寒草地碳循环的源汇关系,指出温度升高、放牧、氮沉降是影响青藏高原温室气体排放、土壤碳库变化最重要的外界扰动,但是温室气体排放、土壤碳库对这3个因子之间协同作用的响应目前还不清楚。现有的高寒草地生态系统碳循环模型,主要以植被类型为基础,大多只考虑了水热因子,很少包含土壤因子和生物因子及其协同作用的影响。在此基础上,指出未来拟加强的研究重点:1)冻融交替过程土壤温室气体排放研究;2)非生长季土壤呼吸作用研究;3)碳循环和植物物候耦合研究;4)高寒草地生态系统碳循环模型的开发。

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