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电容式湿度传感器在汽-水系统中的静态响应特性分析

, PP. 86-90

Keywords: 电容传感器,蒸汽湿度,介电常数,湿空气

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Abstract:

电介质的介电理论表明,同一压力和温度下的饱和水和饱和蒸汽,介电常数相差较大。基于此理论,该文利用电容法进行湿度标定实验研究,及对电容式湿度测量仪的静态特性进行分析。实验中采用向空气中喷雾化水滴的方式来模拟湿蒸汽,应用所设计的多电极同轴圆筒形电容传感器测量蒸汽湿度。测量电路以电容为测量参数,以电压为输出信号,通过输出与电容值成正比的电压值的大小来反应电容量的大小。实验结果表明,传感器电容值不随空气流量的增加而变化,其稳定性较好;在实验范围内该传感器的灵敏度不是一个定值,最大灵敏度为0.045nF/1%;湿度越小该传感器的可重复性越好,随着湿度的增加,其可重复性概率逐渐减小,其可重复性指标值为3.68%;随着汽流湿度的逐渐增加,传感器电容逐渐增大,湿度在小于12%的范围内,其线性度较差,而湿度范围在3%~8%时,其线性度较好。

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