4 Bai J A, Zhao J, Shen K L, et al. Current trends of the prevalence of childhood asthma in three Chinese cities: A multicenter epidemiological survey. Biomed Environ Sci, 2010, 23: 453-457
[2]
5 Lai C K W, Beasley R, Crane J, et al. Global variation in the prevalence and severity of asthma symptoms: Phase three of the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC). Thorax, 2009, 64: 476-483
[3]
8 D’Amato G, Liccardi G D, Amato M, et al. Respiratory allergic diseases induced by outdoor air pollution in urban areas. Monaldi Arch Chest Dis, 2002, 57: 161-163
[4]
14 Stewart A W, Mitchell E A, Pearce N, et al. The relationship of per capita gross national product to the prevalence of symptoms of asthma and other atopic diseases in children (ISAAC). Int J Epidemiol, 2001, 30: 173-179
[5]
15 Leech J A, Nelson W C, Burnett R T, et al. It’s about time: A comparison of Canadian and American time-activity patterns. J Exposure Anal Environ Epidemiol, 2002, 12: 427-432
[6]
17 Wargocki P, Sundell J, Bischof W, et al. Ventilation and health in non-industrial indoor environments: Report from a European Multidisciplinary Scientific Consensus Meeting (EUROVEN). Indoor Air, 2002, 12: 113-128
[7]
25 Choi H, Schmidbauer N, Sundell J, et al. Common household chemicals and the allergy risks in pre-school age children. PLoS One, 2010,5: e13423
[8]
26 Weiland S K, Bjorksten B, Brunekreef B, et al. Phase II of the international study of asthma and allergies in childhood (ISAAC II): Rationale and methods. Eur Respir J, 2004, 24: 406-412
[9]
30 Bornehag C G, Blomquist G, Gyntelberg F, et al. Dampness in buildings and health. Indoor Air, 2001, 11: 72-86
[10]
31 Bornehag C G, Sundell J, Bonini S, et al. Dampness in buildings as a risk factor for health effects, EUROEXPO: A multidisciplinary review of the literature (1998-2000) on dampness and mite exposure in buildings and health effects. Indoor Air, 2004, 14: 243-257
[11]
32 Schneider T, Sundell J, Bischof W, et al. “EUROPART”. Airborne particles in the indoor environment. A European interdisciplinary review of scientific evidence on associations between exposure to particles in buildings and health effects. Indoor Air, 2003, 13: 38-48
[12]
33 van Odijk J, Kull I, Borres M P, et al. Breastfeeding and allergic disease: A multidisciplinary review of the literature (1966-2001) on the mode of early feeding in infancy and its impact on later atopic manifestations. Allergy, 2003, 58: 833-843
[13]
34 Tham K W, Zuraimi M S, Koh D, et al. Associations between home dampness and presence of molds with asthma and allergic symptoms among young children in the tropics. Pedia Allergy Immunol, 2007, 18: 418-424
[14]
39 Ronchetti R, Villa M P, Barreto M, et al. Is the increase in childhood asthma coming to an end? Findings from three surveys of schoolchildren in Rome, Italy. Eur Respir J, 2001, 17: 881-886
[15]
40 Braun-Fahrlander C, Gassner M, Grize L, et al. No further increase in asthma, hay fever and atopic sensitisation in adolescents living in Switzerland. Eur Respir J, 2004, 23: 407-413
45 Wong G W K, Leung T F, Ma Y, et al. Symptoms of asthma and atopic disorders in preschool children: prevalence and risk factors. Clin Exp Allergy, 2007, 37: 174-179
[18]
46 Zhao J, Bai J, Shen K, et al. Self-reported prevalence of childhood allergic diseases in three cities of China: A multicenter study. BMC Public Health, 2010, 10: 551
[19]
47 Li F, Zhou Y, Li S, et al. Prevalence and risk factors of childhood allergic diseases in eight metropolitan cities in China: A multicenter study. BMC Public Health, 2011, 11: 437
1. Asher M I, Montefort S, Bjorksten B, et al. Worldwide time trends in the prevalence of symptoms of asthma, allergic rhinoconjunctivitis, and eczema in childhood: ISAAC Phases One and Three repeat multicountry cross-sectional surveys. Lancet, 2006, 368: 733-743
[24]
2 Beasley R, Keil U, von Mutius E, et al. Worldwide variation in prevalence of symptoms of asthma, allergic rhinoconjunctivitis, and atopic eczema: ISAAC. Lancet, 1998, 351: 1225-1232
[25]
3 Burr M L, Wat D, Evans C, et al. Asthma prevalence in 1973, 1988 and 2003. Thorax, 2006, 61: 296-299
[26]
6 Masoli M, Fabian D, Holt S, et al. The global burden of asthma: Executive summary of the GINA Dissemination Committee Report. Allergy, 2004, 59: 469-478
[27]
7 Wong G W K, Chow C M. Childhood asthma epidemiology: Insights from comparative studies of rural and urban populations. Pediatric Pulmonology, 2008, 43: 107-116
[28]
9 Anderson H R, Ruggles R, Pandey K D, et al. Ambient particulate pollution and the world-wide prevalence of asthma, rhinoconjunctivitis and eczema in children: Phase One of the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC). Occup Environ Med, 2010,67: 293-300
[29]
10 McConnell R, Islam T, Shankardass K, et al. Childhood incident asthma and traffic-related air pollution at home and school. Environ Health Perspect, 2010, 118: 1021-1026
[30]
11 Chung K A F, Zhang J F, Zhong N S. Outdoor air pollution and respiratory health in Asia. Respirology, 2011, 16: 1023-1026
[31]
12 Gruzieva O, Bergstrom A, Hulchiy O, et al. Exposure to air pollution from traffic and childhood asthma until 12 years of age. Epidemiology, 2013, 24: 54-61
[32]
13 Wong G W K, Hui D S C, Chan C C, et al. Prevalence of respiratory and atopic disorders in Chinese schoolchildren. Clin Exp Allergy,2001, 31: 1225-1231
[33]
16 Brasche S, Bischof W. Daily time spent indoors in German homes—Baseline data for the assessment of indoor exposure of German occupants. Int J Hyg Environ Health, 2005, 208: 247-253
[34]
18 Sundell J. On the history of indoor air quality and health. Indoor Air, 2004, 14: 51-58
[35]
19 Bornehag C G, Sundell J, Sigsgaard T. Dampness in buildings and health (DBH): Report from an ongoing epidemiological investigation on the association between indoor environmental factors and health effects among children in Sweden. Indoor Air, 2004, 14: 59-66
[36]
20 Sundell J, Wickman M, Pershagen G, et al. Ventilation in homes infested by house-dust mites. Allergy, 1995, 50: 106-112
[37]
21 Sundell J, Levin H, Nazaroff W W, et al. Ventilation rates and health: Multidisciplinary review of the scientific literature. Indoor Air,2011, 21: 191-204
[38]
22 Sun Y X, Sundell J. Life style and home environment are associated with racial disparities of asthma and allergy in Northeast Texas children. Sci Total Environ, 2011, 409: 4229-4234
[39]
23 Bornehag C G, Sundell J, Hagerhed-Engman L, et al. Association between ventilation rates in 390 Swedish homes and allergic symptoms in children. Indoor Air, 2005, 15: 275-280
[40]
24 Bornehag C G, Sundell J, Weschler C J, et al. The association between asthma and allergic symptoms in children and phthalates in house dust: A nested case-control study. Environ Health Perspect, 2004, 112: 1393-1397
[41]
27 Ait-Khaled N, Pearce N, Anderson H R, et al. Global map of the prevalence of symptoms of rhinoconjunctivitis in children: The International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) Phase three. Allergy, 2009, 64: 123-148
[42]
28 Andersson K, Bakke J V, Bjorseth O, et al. TVOC and health in non-industrial indoor environments—Report from a Nordic scientific consensus meeting at Langholmen in Stockholm, 1996. Indoor Air, 1997, 7: 78-91
[43]
29 Ahlbom A, Backman A, Bakke J, et al. “NORDPET”—Pets indoors—A risk factor for or protection against sensitisation/allergy. Indoor Air, 1998, 8: 219-235
[44]
35 Naydenov K, Melikov A, Markov D, et al. A comparison between occupants’ and inspectors’ reports on home dampness and their association with the health of children: The ALLHOME study. Build Environ, 2008, 43: 1840-1849
[45]
36 Hsu N Y, Lee C C, Wang J Y, et al. Predicted risk of childhood allergy, asthma, and reported symptoms using measured phthalate exposure in dust and urine. Indoor Air, 2012, 22: 186-199
[46]
37 Clausen G, H?st A, Toftum J, et al. Children’s health and its association with indoor environments in Danish homes and daycare centres - methods. Indoor Air, 2012, 22: 467-475
[47]
38 Choi J, Choi Y, Chun C, et al. An epidemiological investigation on housing characteristics and asthma and allergy among children in Seoul, Korea. In: The 12th International Conference on Indoor Air Quality and Climate, June 5-10, 2011, A647-3, Austin, Texas, 2011
43 Lau Y L, Karlberg J. Prevalence and risk factors of childhood asthma, rhinitis and eczema in Hong Kong. J Paediatr Child Health, 1998,34: 47-52
[50]
44 Zhao T B, Wang H J, Chen Y Z, et al. Prevalence of childhood asthma, allergic rhinitis and eczema in Urumqi and Beijing. J Paediatr Child Health, 2000, 36: 128-133
[51]
49 Kong W, Chen J, Wang Y, et al. A population-based 5-year follow-up of allergic rhinitis in Chinese children. Am J Rhinol Allergy, 2012,26: 315-320
[52]
50 Xu F, Yan S, Li F, et al. Prevalence of childhood atopic dermatitis: An urban and rural community-based study in Shanghai, China. PLoS One, 2012, 7: e36174
[53]
51 Yangzong Y, Shi Z, Nafstad P, et al. The prevalence of childhood asthma in China: A systematic review. BMC Public Health, 2012, 12: 860
[54]
52 Dong G H, Ma Y N, Ding H L, et al. Housing characteristics, home environmental factors and respiratory health in 3945 pre-school children in China. Int J Environ Health Res, 2008, 18: 267-282
[55]
53 Dong G H, Ma Y N, Ding H L, et al. Pets keeping in home, parental atopy, asthma, and asthma-related symptoms in 12910 elementary school children from northeast China. Indoor Air, 2009, 19: 166-173
[56]
54 中国自然地理编辑委员会. 中国自然地理: 气候. 北京: 科学出版社, 1985
[57]
55 民用建筑热工设计规范. GB 50176-93. 1993
[58]
56 Asher M, Keil U, Anderson H, et al. International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC): Rationale and methods. Eur Respir J, 1995, 8: 483-491
[59]
57 Oppenheim A N. Questionnaire Design, Interviewing and Attitude Measurement. London: Continuum International Publishing Group,1992
69 Chan H H, Pei A, Van Krevel C, et al. Validation of the Chinese translated version of ISAAC core questions for atopic eczema. Clin Exp Allergy, 2001, 31: 903-907
[70]
70 Sun Y X, Sundell J, Zhang Y F. Validity of building characteristics and dorm dampness obtained in a self-administrated questionnaire. Sci Total Environ, 2007, 387: 276-282
[71]
71 Engman L H, Bornehag C-G, Sundell J. How valid are parents’ questionnaire responses regarding building characteristics, mouldy odour, and signs of moisture problems in Swedish homes? Scand J Public Health, 2007, 35: 125-132
[72]
72 Smith K R, Samet J M, Romieu I, et al. Indoor air pollution in developing countries and acute lower respiratory infections in children. Thorax, 2000, 55: 518-532