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中国10城市儿童哮喘及其他过敏性疾病现状调查

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Keywords: 环境,健康,室内空气质量,住宅,暴露,城市化

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Abstract:

近几十年来,世界范围内哮喘、鼻炎、湿疹(过敏性和非过敏性)患病率尤其是儿童患病率显著增长,室内环境的变化被怀疑是其后的重要原因.过去20年,中国的室内环境经历了举世瞩目的巨大变化,人们承受了很多前所未有的(室内)环境污染暴露,它们与日趋严重的儿童哮喘及其他过敏性疾病间虽被怀疑存在很强的关联,但尚未得到足够的研究结果支撑.2010~2012年,对中国室内环境与儿童健康(China,Children,Homes,Health,简称CCHH)展开调研,阶段I对10个代表城市随机选取的幼儿园或小学的48219名1~8岁的儿童进行了问卷调查.问卷包含国际儿童哮喘过敏研究(ISAAC)问卷的关于健康效应的核心问题并加上了考虑中国住宅、生活习惯和室外环境等特点的问题,对其中的3~6岁儿童的数据进行了分析研究.CCHH调查的城市中确诊哮喘患病率为1.7%~9.8%(平均为6.8%),相比于1990年的0.91%和2000年的1.50%有大幅增长.喘息、鼻炎和特应性湿疹(过去12个月)的患病率分别为13.9%~23.7%,24.0%~50.8%和4.8%~15.8%.在调研关注的儿童疾病中,太原儿童的患病率最低;除了乌鲁木齐儿童哮鸣音患病率最高外,其余疾病和症状上海儿童的患病率最高.分析显示患病率和室外PM10浓度无显著相关性,和人均GDP为指标的经济条件的关联性值得进一步研究;患病率在湿润环境(主要指夏热冬冷且建筑无集中供暖的地区)中要高得多.

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