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冻土水热变化对东亚气候影响的模拟

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Keywords: 冻土,冻土未冻水,大气环流模式,东亚季风,降水异常

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Abstract:

利用气候模式CommunityAtmosphereModel(CAM3.1)作为工具,在保持模式陆-气之间能量、水量守恒的状况下,通过在其陆面模式CommunityLandModel(CLM3.0)中引入了未冻水过程,改变了冻土中的水热属性,分析了欧亚区域气候对冻土变化的敏感性、东亚季风对冻土变化的响应等相关问题.研究发现(1)未冻水过程较为显著的改变土壤中冰、水比例,其对地表温度、土壤温度有显著影响.(2)欧亚区域(包括东亚)气候对冻土变化较为敏感,1月海平面阿留申低压有所加强,500hPa乌拉尔阻塞高压减弱,东亚大槽减弱.7月阿留申群岛地区海平面气压显著减弱,500hPa位势高度大陆有显著的负异常,海洋有显著的正异常.(3)1月东亚地区850hPa风场南风分量增大,冬季风减弱;7月大陆气旋性异常,海洋反气旋性异常,东部沿海地区夏季风加强.(4)东亚夏季降水有显著改变,其中青藏高原南部、长江流域中部地区和东北地区降水显著增大,华南、海南岛地区显著较少,我国中部、华北地区减少,但不显著.进一步分析发现,30°N附近,有显著的空气上升运动,其南北两侧有显著的下沉运动,中高纬度太平洋暖湿气流在东北与北方冷空气汇合,这些因素是上述降水异常的主要原因.

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