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地球化学示踪在现代土壤侵蚀研究中的应用

DOI: 10.11820/dlkxjz.2002.05.013, PP. 507-516

Keywords: 地球化学指标,放射性核素,土壤侵蚀,稀土元素

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Abstract:

土壤侵蚀导致土地退化、农产品产量和品质下降、水环境污染等诸多问题,引起各方面的广泛关注,而且这个问题随着持续增长的人口压力和农业生产方式深刻变革的影响而日益严重。由于目前广泛使用的高差法、遥感研究法、RUSLE、野外调查法、水土流失监测点法等土壤侵蚀研究方法存在着一些不足,因此,核素地球化学示踪法、稀土元素示踪法、土壤地球化学指标法等地球化学示踪方法应运而生,在土壤侵蚀研究中发挥其独特作用。在比较了各种传统的土壤侵蚀研究方法的优势和不足的基础上,作者认为1137Cs、210Pb可用于研究30、40年左右平均土壤侵蚀速率,7Be可用于示踪季节性土壤侵蚀和一次降雨事件的土粒运移,并说明这些核素的示踪原理和侵蚀速率的定量依据;2人为施放稀土元素(REE)示踪法适合定量一次或多次降雨事件的侵蚀速率,可用于土壤侵蚀理论的研究,尤其适合于室内模拟实验的研究;3土壤磁化率法和土壤理化性质指标法研究土壤侵蚀是一种处于起步阶段的侵蚀研究方法,适用于土壤质量退化研究,但要用于土壤侵蚀研究特别是侵蚀速率的定量研究还很不成熟。

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