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化工学报  2015 

新型准对称无机膜的正渗透去除Cd2+的效能

DOI: 10.11949/j.issn.0438-1157.20140913, PP. 386-392

Keywords: QSTFI膜,正向渗透,重金属Cd2+,表面,双电层结构,废水

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Abstract:

正向渗透(forwardosmosis,FO)是一种以溶液渗透压差为驱动力的新型膜技术。课题组在先前研究中使用微界面溶胶凝胶法制备了一种全新的准对称结构无机薄膜(QSTFI膜),与传统的有机聚合FO膜相比具有更大的优势。本文考察了QSTFI膜分离去除水中重金属Cd2+的效能,讨论了Cd2+浓度、提取液浓度以及膜表面带电性对Cd2+去除的影响机制。采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)表征了QSTFI膜的微观形貌,使用能量色散光谱(EDS)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)表征了膜的化学组成,并使用原子力显微镜(AFM)表征膜表面带电特性。结果表明,QSTFI膜表面带负电荷,能够与液相主体中的Cd2+通过静电引力形成双电层结构,双电层的Debye厚度越大越有利于膜对Cd2+的截留。FO实验测试中原液Cd2+浓度为10mg·L-1的条件下,QSTFI膜对Cd2+截留率超过99%,水通量最大值可达到69L·m-2·h-1(提取液为2.0mol·L-1NaCl)。本研究为拓展FO技术在含重金属废水处理的潜在应用前景提供了理论依据和指导。

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