|
|
- 2015
无卤阻燃乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物泡沫复合材料的制备及性能表征
|
Abstract:
为使得乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物(EVA)泡沫复合材料具有阻燃功能, 分别添加膨胀石墨-聚磷酸铵(EG-APP)和膨胀石墨-聚磷酸铵-热塑性淀粉(EG-APP-TPS)两种不同复配阻燃剂, 通过熔融共混和硫化发泡制备了无卤阻燃EVA泡沫复合材料。采用极限氧指数(LOI)、垂直燃烧(UL-94)、热分析质谱联用(TG-MASS)及扫描电镜(SEM)测试等对EG-APP/EVA及EG-APP-TPS/EVA泡沫复合材料进行表征。结果表明: EG-APP复配阻燃剂添加量为30wt%、EG与APP质量比为1:4时, EG-APP/EVA泡沫复合材料的LOI达28.1%, UL-94为V-1级; 而当EG-APP-TPS复配阻燃剂添加量同为30wt%, EG、APP与TPS质量比为1:4:1时, EG-APP-TPS/EVA泡沫复合材料的LOI可达29.3%, UL-94为V-0级。TG-MASS和SEM分析表明: EG、APP和TPS在气相和固相中均具有显著的协同阻燃作用。 In order to obtain retardant ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) foam composites, two different compounded fire retardant consisting of expandable graphite-ammonium polyphosphate (EG-APP) and expandable graphite-ammonium polyphosphate-thermoplastic starch (EG-APP-TPS) were added to prepare alogen-free fire retardant EVA foam composites by process of molten blending and sulfuration foam. The EG-APP/EVA and EG-APP-TPS/EVA foam composites were characterized by limit oxygen index (LOI), vertical combustion (UL-94), thermal analysis mass spectrometry (TG-MASS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) test. The results demonstrate that the LOI of EG-APP/EVA foam composite is 28.1% and the flame retardant grade reaches to UL-94 V-1 at 30wt% total loading of EG and APP with mass ratio of 1:4.However, at 30wt% total loading of EG, APP and TPS with mass ratio of 1:4:1, LOI 29.3% and UL-94 V-0 rating are obtained. The results from TG-MASS and SEM tests show a good synergistic effect of EG, APP and TPS in solid and gas phase. 福建省高校产学合作科技重大项目(2012H6008);福州市科技计划(2013-G-92)
| [1] | Ling Q F, Li X G. Study on the properties of ammonium polyphosphate flame retardant polylactic acid/bamboo flour composites[J]. Engineering Plastics Application, 2013, 41(8): 20-24 (in Chinese). 凌启飞, 李新功. 聚磷酸铵阻燃聚乳酸/竹粉复合材料的性能研究[J]. 工程塑料应用, 2013, 41(8): 20-24. |
| [2] | Li B, Zhang X C, Sun C Y. The effect of starch on thermal degradation and flame retardancy of polyethylene intumescent system[J]. Polymer Materials Science & Engineering, 2000, 16(2): 155-157 (in Chinese). 李斌, 张秀成, 孙才英. 淀粉对聚乙烯膨胀阻燃体系热降解和阻燃的影响[J]. 高分子材料科学与工程, 2000, 16(2): 155-157. |
| [3] | Chen S G, Yu H Y, Wang R Y, et al. The progress of halogen-free flame-retarding EVA composites[J]. China Plastics, 2008, 22(4): 13-20 (in Chinese). 陈树国, 禹海洋, 王如寅, 等. EVA无卤阻燃材料的研究进展[J]. 中国塑料, 2008, 22(4): 13-20. |
| [4] | Zhang Y F, Zheng Y Y, Zhou Q, et al. Formula design and characterizations of starch/EVA composite foamed materials[J]. Polymer Materials Science & Engineering, 2013, 29(2): 116-119 (in Chinese). 张由芳, 郑玉婴, 周谦, 等. 淀粉/EVA复合发泡鞋底材料的配方设计及表征[J]. 高分子材料科学与工程, 2013, 29(2): 116-119. |
| [5] | Zhu H F, Zhu Q L, Li J, et al. Synergistic effect between expandable graphite and ammonium polyphosphate on flame retarded polylactide[J]. Polymer Degradation and Stability, 2011, 96(2): 183-189. |
| [6] | García M, Hidalgo J, Garmendia I, et al. Wood-plastics composites with better fire retardancy and durability performance[J]. Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, 2009, 40(11): 1772-1776. |
| [7] | Ye C X, Yang R J, Yi D Q. Structure and properties of calcium nano-montmorillonite/ammonium polyphosphate compounds[J]. Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica, 2013, 30(3): 1-6 (in Chinese). 叶春雪, 杨荣杰, 仪德启. 钙基纳米蒙脱土/聚磷酸铵复合物的结构与性质[J]. 复合材料学报, 2013, 30(3): 1-6. |
| [8] | Jiang W B, Qiao X Y, Tang Z Z, et al. Preparation and properties of thermoplastic acetylated starch[J]. Acta Polymerica Sinica, 2006(1): 97-101 (in Chinese). 姜闻博, 乔秀颖, 唐忠柱, 等. 乙酰化淀粉的塑化和性能研究[J]. 高分子学报, 2006(1): 97-101. |
| [9] | Li J W, Luo X G, Lin X Y, et al. Morphology and viscoelastic behavior of PBS/TPS blends containing varying amylose contents[J]. Journal of Chemical Industry and Engineering, 2013, 64(6): 2300-2305 (in Chinese). 李纪伟, 罗学刚, 林晓艳, 等. 不同淀粉类型TPS/PBS共混体系的形貌与黏弹行为[J]. 化工学报, 2013, 64(6): 2300-2305. |
| [10] | Matsuda N, Shirasaka H, Takayama K, et al. Thermal degradation and flame retardancy of ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer blended with ammonium polyphosphate[J]. Polymer Degradation and Stability, 2003, 79(1): 13-20. |
| [11] | Murariu M, Dechief A L, Bonnaud L, et al. The production and properties of polylactide composites filled with expanded graphite[J]. Polymer Degradation and Stability, 2010, 95(5): 889-900. |
| [12] | Bo Q, Zhao Y. Fluorescence from an azobenzene-containing diblock copolymer micelle in solution[J]. Langmuir, 2007, 23(10): 5746-5751. |
| [13] | Chou C S, Lin S H, Wang C. Preparation and characterization of theintumescent fire retardant coating with a new flame retardant[J]. Advanced Powder Technology, 2009, 20(2): 169-176. |
| [14] | Meng X Y, Ye L, Zhang X G, et al. Effects of expandable graphite and ammo-nium polyphosphate on the flame-retardant and mechanical properties of rigid polyurethane foams[J]. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 2009, 114(2): 853-863. |
| [15] | Wang Z Y, Han E H, Ke W. Thermal degradation of expandable graphite modified APP/PER/EN flame retardant coating[J]. Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica, 2005, 22(5): 52-58 (in Chinese). 王震宇, 韩恩厚, 柯伟. 可膨胀石墨改性APP/PER/EN防火涂料热降解行为[J]. 复合材料学报, 2005, 22(5): 52-58. |
| [16] | National Technical Committee on Plastic Products of Standardization Adminstration of China. GB/T 2406－2009 Plastics-Determination of burning behaviour by oxygen index[S]. Beijing: Standards Press of China, 2009 (in Chinese). 全国塑料标准化技术委员会. GB/T 2406－2009 塑料用氧指数法测定燃烧行为[S]. 北京: 中国标准出版社, 2009. |
| [17] | National Technical Committee on Plastic Products of Standardization Adminstration of China. GB/T 2408－2008 Plastics-Determination of burning characteristics-Horizontal and vertical test[S]. Beijing: Standards Press of China, 2008 (in Chinese). 全国塑料标准化技术委员会. GB/T 2408－2008 塑料燃烧性能的测定水平法和垂直法[S]. 北京: 中国标准出版社, 2008. |
| [18] | National Technical Committee on Plastic Products of Standardization Adminstration of China. GB/T 1040－2006 Plastics-Determination of tensile properties[S]. Beijing: Standards Press of China, 2006 (in Chinese). 全国塑料标准化技术委员会. GB/T 1040－2006 塑料拉伸性能试验方法[S]. 北京: 中国标准出版社, 2006. |
| [19] | Wei P, Li H X, Jiang P K, et al. An investigation on the flammability of halogen-free fire retardant PP-APP-EG systems[J]. Journal of Fire Sciences, 2004, 22(5): 367-377. |
