天然纤维素/聚丙烯腈抗菌纳米纤维的制备与表征
Preparation and characterization of natural cellulose/polyacrylonitrile antibacterial nanofibers

为了拓展天然纤维素材料的应用, 在综合国内外对天然纤维素材料、纳米材料和抗菌材料相关研究的基础上, 首先, 利用LiCl/二甲基乙酰胺(DMAC)溶剂体系配置了不同共混比例的天然纤维素/聚丙烯腈纺丝液, 采用静电纺丝技术制备了纤维素/聚丙烯腈纳米纤维。然后, 用铜氨溶液对纳米纤维进行了抗菌处理, 制备了具有一定抗菌功能的纤维集合体。最后, 采用SEM观察不同共混比例下纳米纤维的微观形貌;采用TG和DSC表征其热性能;采用FTIR和表面接触角测量仪表征共混后纳米纤维的化学组成和亲水性的变化;采用振荡法测定纳米纤维的抗菌性能。结果表明:通过静电纺丝技术可制得直径在200~400 nm范围内的纤维素/聚丙烯腈纳米纤维。随着纤维素含量的提高, 纳米纤维的表面越来越粗糙, 粘连愈加严重, 且直径离散度也变大。当纤维素与聚丙烯腈的共混质量比大于75:25时, 纤维的直径标准偏差由纯聚丙烯腈纤维的100 nm以下变为150 nm以上。纤维素/聚丙烯腈纳米纤维具有良好的热性能, 与纯纤维素纳米纤维相比热稳定性有一定提高, 当纤维素与聚丙烯腈的共混质量比为25:75时热稳定性最好。纤维素/聚丙烯腈纳米纤维的亲水性优于普通医用纱布的。经过铜氨溶液抗菌处理的纳米纤维具有良好的抗菌性能, 对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌的抑菌率分别为82%和75%。 In order to develop the application of natural cellulose material, based on the domestic and international relative research of natural cellulose materials, nanomaterials and antibacterial materials, LiCl/N, N-dimethylacetamide (DMAC) solvent system was used to prepare the natural cellulose/polyacrylonitrile spinning solutions with different blending proportions, and cellulose/polyacrylonitrile nanofibers were prepared by electrospinning technique firstly. Then, copper ammonia solution was used to prepare the fibrous assemblies with anti-bacterial function at a certain extend through antibacterial treatment of nanofibers. Finally, the morphology of nanofibers with different blending ratios was characterized by SEM; the thermal properties were characterized by TG and DSC; the changes of chemical compositions and hydrophilicity of nanofibers after blending were determined by FTIR and optical contact angle measuring instrument; antibacterial properties of the nanofibers were detected by oscillation technique. The results indicate that the cellulose/polyacrylonitrile nanofibers with diameter ranges from 200-400 nm can be prepared by electrospinning technology. With the increasing of cellulose content, the surfaces of nanofibers tend to be more rough, the adhesion becomes serious, and the discrete degree of diameter also increases. When the blending mass ratio of cellulose to polyacrylonitrile exceeds 75:25, the standard deviation of diameter increases from less than 100 nm of pure polyacrylonitrile fiber to more than 150 nm. The cellulose/polyacrylonitrile nanofibers have good thermal performance, the thermostability has a certain improvement comparing with pure cellulose nanofibers. When the blending mass ratio of cellulose to polyacrylonitrile is 25:75, the thermostability achieves the best. The hydrophily of cellulose/polyacrylonitrile nanofibers is better than that of ordinary medical gauze. The nanofibers after antibacterial treatment using copper ammonia solution have good antibacterial