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地理学报  2005 

关中平原420-350kaBP的古土壤与环境

DOI: 10.11821/xb200501004, PP. 32-40

Keywords: 关中平原,古土壤,风化壳,气候迁移,气候分界线

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Abstract:

通过对关中平原双竹村剖面、寇家坡剖面以及蓝田田家坡剖面、三官庙剖面、长安四府村剖面和宝鸡马家塬剖面黄土沉积中第4层古土壤的分析,发现西安、长安、蓝田和宝鸡中更新世中期发育的第4层古土壤已转变成为风化壳,厚度变化在3.5~3.7m之间。它由4层组成,最上部的第1层是发育好的红棕色粘化层(Bts),第2层是具有铁质胶膜的风化淋滤黄土层(Cs),第3层是不含铁质胶膜的风化淋滤黄土层(Cl),第4层是CaCO3结核层(Ck)。对风化剖面中CaCO3含量、pH值、黏土含量,元素Sr、Fe2O3和Al2O3分析,表明该风化剖面受到了较强烈的风化淋溶和黏土化作用,并指示当时的风化淋滤深度明显超出了土壤粘化层的厚度。粘化层中黏土胶膜具亚热带土壤胶膜特征,具超微晶粒结构,由新生的蒙脱石、高岭石和伊利石微晶粒构成,明显定向排列,这是其具有光性的原因。风化壳型古土壤的发育表明,在距今42-35万年前后,黄土高原东南部盛行亚热带气候。这一古土壤剖面构型为Bts-Cs-Cl-Ck-C,它发育时的年平均温度和降水量分别约为16oC和1000mm,比现代关中平原高约3oC和400mm。

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