OALib Journal期刊
ISSN: 2333-9721
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西北干旱区山区融雪期气候变化对径流量的影响
DOI: 10.11821/xb201211003, PP. 1461-1470
Keywords: 融雪期,温度,降水,径流,西北干旱区
Abstract:
利用8个山区气象站1960-2010年日平均气温、降水和7个出山口水文站的年径流数据(1960-2008),统计分析了山区融雪期开始时间、结束时间、天数、温度和降水的变化趋势及其空间差异性,并定量评估了年径流量对融雪期温度和降水变化的敏感性。结果表明,近50年来,山区融雪期平均提前了15.33天,延迟了9.19天;其中,天山南部山区融雪期提前时间最长,为20.01天,而延迟时间最短,仅6.81天;祁连山北部山区融雪期提前时间最短(10.16天),而延迟时间最长(10.48天)。这显示山区融雪期提前时间越长,延迟时间则越短。山区融雪期平均降水量增加了47.3mm,平均温度升高了0.857℃;其中天山南部山区降水增量最大,达65mm,昆仑山北部山区降水和温度增量均最小,分别为25mm和0.617℃,而祁连山北部山区温度增量最高(1.05℃)。河流径流量对融雪期气候变化敏感,降水变化诱发年径流量变化了7.69%,温度变化使得年径流量改变了14.15%。
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