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地理学报  2011 

基于不透水表面指数的城市地表覆被格局特征——以深圳市为例

DOI: 10.11821/xb201107009, PP. 961-971

Keywords: 不透水表面指数,线性光谱分离技术,地统计学方法,空间格局分异及演变

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Abstract:

以遥感数据进行土地利用/覆被分类为基础,利用景观格局指数研究快速城市化地区地表覆被格局变化时,面临两大难题,即①混合像元影响分类的精度存在不确定性,直接影响格局分析结论的可靠性;②景观格局指数,难以有效分析城市内部局部地区景观格局演变过程的变化特征。针对上述关键问题,本文以不透水表面组分表征城市的主体景观,运用地统计学及剖面线方法分析深圳市地表覆被格局的空间分异及其演变特征。结果表明①1990-2005年,深圳地表覆被空间格局经历了分散—单中心聚集—多中心分散—多中心聚集的演变过程,在经历了东西—西北东南—东北西南—南北方向的发展过程后,景观整体的自相关程度高,空间梯度差异小。1990年的不透水表面组分比2005年低20%~40%,并且早期局地变化波动较大,后期变化波动明显减小。在局地空间演变上,老城区变化小,新城区及工业区变化大,城市不透水表面的局地空间差异性显著缩小。②城市不透水表面具有显著的梯度特征,在空间上主要呈现连续渐变的特点,因而在格局分析方法上,地统计学与剖面线方法可以同时从整体和局地两个层次对空间格局演变进行有效刻画。

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