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多倍体生物研究进展

, PP. 173-184

Keywords: 多倍体,全基因组复制,二倍体化,远缘杂交,多倍体育种

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Abstract:

多倍体是含有3套或3套以上完整染色体组的生物体,在动植物中广泛存在,是物种发生的一种重要方式.近年来的动植物基因组测序结果及相关分子系统学、生物信息学的研究,支持物种在演化过程中经历过全基因组复制的观点.多倍体的稳定性依赖于其形成后发生的基因组快速重组和基因表达调控的变化;多倍体的形成及其二倍体化过程是物种长期演化过程中的重要组成部分.多倍体可通过多种方式形成,其中,通过远缘杂交形成能产生不减数配子的杂交生物体,导致其后代染色体加倍,是快速、高效的形成多倍体的途径之一.可育多倍体的形成不仅促进了物种间的遗传物质交流,丰富了物种多样性,而且为多倍体育种奠定了基础.对多倍体生物的研究不仅具有重要的理论意义,而且有重要的应用价值.动植物多倍体育种在生产上的应用带来了显著的经济效益和社会效益.

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