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壁虎脚底毛黏附机制的生物学效应

DOI: 10.1360/052011-268, PP. 135-142

Keywords: 壁虎刚毛,黏附力,生物学机制,微结构,仿生学

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Abstract:

壁虎具有高超的攀爬能力.目前,关于壁虎脚底毛黏附机制的范德华力假说已得到国内外学术界广泛的认同.利用自行研制的二维摩擦磨损实验机对3种不同状态下的壁虎脚底毛的黏附力进行了测试和比较分析;同时利用细胞组织学技术观测了壁虎脚底毛的形态构筑,并通过生理解剖和神经电生理学技术观测了壁虎脊神经分支对壁虎脚在黏附-脱附过程中的运动调控.结果表明,清醒和麻醉状态下的壁虎脚底毛以及离体的壁虎脚底毛黏附力大小存在明显差异;壁虎脚底毛存在两种不同发育状态:毛囊细胞和毛囊已退化的刚毛样结构,作为毛囊细胞突起的壁虎脚底毛在黏-脱附过程中可能产生生物电或生物电的变化,从而参与壁虎脚黏-脱附机制和转换过程;壁虎脚的神经-肌肉组织能够调控壁虎脚产生黏附-脱附过程中的3种典型运动模式.本研究表明,壁虎脚底毛黏附机制中存在着生物学因素,指出范得华力假说的局限性,为进一步揭示壁虎脚底毛的黏附机制,制备仿生刚毛群提供了理论依据.

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