1 Ding S W. RNA-based antiviral immunity. Nat Rev Immunol, 2010, 10: 632-644？？
[2]
2 Chapman E J, Carrington J C. Specialization and evolution of endogenous small RNA pathways. Nat Rev Genet, 2007, 8: 884-896？？
[3]
3 Carthew R W, Sontheimer E J. Origins and mechanisms of miRNAs and siRNAs. Cell, 2009, 136: 642-655？？
[4]
4 Hutvagner G, Simard M J. Argonaute proteins: key players in RNA silencing. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol, 2008, 9: 22-32？？
[5]
5 Voinnet O. Use, tolerance and avoidance of amplified RNA silencing by plants. Trends Plant Sci, 2008, 13: 317-328？？
[6]
6 Burgyan J, Havelda Z. Viral suppressors of RNA silencing. Trends Plant Sci, 2011, 16: 265-272？？
[7]
7 Deleris A, Gallego-Bartolome J, Bao J, et al. Hierarchical action and inhibition of plant Dicer-like proteins in antiviral defense. Science,2006, 313: 68-71？？
[8]
8 Diaz-Pendon J A, Li F, Li W X, et al. Suppression of antiviral silencing by Cucumber mosaic virus 2b protein in Arabidopsis is associatedwith drastically reduced accumulation of three classes of viral small interfering RNAs. Plant Cell, 2007, 19: 2053-2063？？
[9]
9 Llave C. Virus-derived small interfering RNAs at the core of plant-virus interactions. Trends Plant Sci, 2010, 15: 701-707？？
[10]
10 Qu F, Ye X, Morris T J. Arabidopsis DRB4, AGO1, AGO7, and RDR6 participate in a DCL4-initiated antiviral RNA silencing pathwaynegatively regulated by DCL1. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 2008, 105: 14732-14737
[11]
11 Qu F. Antiviral role of plant-encoded RNA-dependent RNA polymerases revisited with deep sequencing of small interfering RNAs of virus origin. Mol Plant Microbe In, 2010, 23: 1248-1252？？
[12]
12 Wang X B, Jovel J, Udomporn P, et al. The 21-nucleotide, but not 22-nucleotide, viral secondary small interfering RNAs direct potentantiviral defense by two cooperative Argonautes in Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant Cell, 2011, 23: 1625-1638
[13]
13 Wang X B, Wu Q F, Ito T, et al. RNAi-mediated viral immunity requires amplification of virus-derived siRNAs in Arabidopsis thaliana.Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 2010, 107: 484-489？？
[14]
14 Garcia-Ruiz H, Takeda A, Chapman E J, et al. Arabidopsis RNA-dependent RNA polymerases and dicer-like proteins in antiviral defenseand small interfering RNA biogenesis during Turnip Mosaic Virus infection. Plant Cell, 2010, 22: 481-496？？
[15]
15 Qi X, Bao F S, Xie Z. Small RNA deep sequencing reveals role for Arabidopsis thaliana RNA-dependent RNA polymerases in viralsiRNA biogenesis. PLoS ONE, 2009, 4: e4971？？
[16]
16 Harvey J J W, Lewsey M G, Patel K, et al. An antiviral defense role of AGO2 in plants. PLoS One, 2011, 6: e14639？？
[17]
17 Mi S, Cai T, Hu Y, et al. Sorting of small RNAs into Arabidopsis argonaute complexes is directed by the 5′ terminal nucleotide. Cell, 2008,133: 116-127？？
[18]
18 Vance V B, Anandalakshmi R, Pruss G J, et al. A viral suppressor of gene silencing in plants. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 1998, 95:13079-13084？？
[19]
19 Carrington J C, Kasschau K D. A counterdefensive strategy of plant viruses: suppression of posttranscriptional gene silencing. Cell, 1998,95: 461-470？？
[20]
20 Baulcombe D C, Brigneti G, Voinnet O, et al. Viral pathogenicity determinants are suppressors of transgene silencing in Nicotianabenthamiana. EMBO J, 1998, 17: 6739-6746？？
[21]
21 Ding S W, Wu Q F, Wang X B. Viral suppressors of RNA-Based viral immunity: host targets. Cell Host Microbe, 2010, 8: 12-15？？
[22]
22 Williamson J R, Chao J A, Lee J H, et al. Dual modes of RNA-silencing suppression by flock house virus protein B2. Nat Struct Mol Biol,2005, 12: 952-957
[23]
23 Prins M, Bucher E, Hemmes H, et al. The influenza A virus NS1 protein binds small interfering RNAs and suppresses RNA silencing inplants. J Gen Virol, 2004, 85: 983-991？？
[24]
24 Ding S W, Li W X, Li H W, et al. Interferon antagonist proteins of influenza and vaccinia viruses are suppressors of RNA silencing. ProcNatl Acad Sci USA, 2004, 101: 1350-1355？？
[25]
25 AdamYuan Y, Chen H Y, Yang J, et al. Structural basis for RNA-silencing suppression by Tomato aspermy virus protein 2b. EMBO Rep,2008, 9: 754-760？？
[26]
26 Chen J C H, Rashid U J, Hoffmann J, et al. Multiple targets for suppression of RNA interference by Tomato aspermy virus protein 2B.Biochemistry, 2008, 47: 12655-12657？？
[27]
27 Masuta C, Goto K, Kobori T, et al. Characterization of silencing suppressor 2b of cucumber mosaic virus based on examination of itssmall RNA-Binding abilities. Plant Cell Physiol, 2007, 48: 1050-1060？？
[28]
28 Ye K Q, Shen M, Xu Y, et al. Size-independent and noncooperative recognition of dsRNA by the Rice stripe virus RNA silencingsuppressor NS3. J Mol Biol, 2010, 404: 665-679？？
[29]
29 Silhavy D, Merai Z, Kerenyi Z, et al. Aureusvirus P14 is an efficient RNA silencing suppressor that binds double-stranded RNAs withoutsize specificity. J Virol, 2005, 79: 7217-7226？？
[30]
30 Silhavy D, Merai Z, Kerenyi Z, et al. Double-stranded RNA binding may be a general plant RNA viral strategy to suppress RNA silencing.J Virol, 2006, 80: 5747-5756？？
[31]
31 Silhavy D, Molnar A, Lucioli A, et al. A viral protein suppresses RNA silencing and binds silencing-generated, 21- to 25-nucleotidedouble-stranded RNAs. EMBO J, 2002, 21: 3070-3080
[32]
32 Patel D J, Ye K Q, Malinina L. Recognition of small interfering RNA by a viral suppressor of RNA silencing. Nature, 2003, 426: 874-878？？
[33]
33 Hall T M T, Vargason J M, Szittya G, et al. Size selective recognition of siRNA by an RNA silencing suppressor. Cell, 2003, 115:799-811？？
[34]
34 Burgyan J, Lakatos L, Csorba T, et al. Small RNA binding is a common strategy to suppress RNA silencing by several viral suppressors.EMBO J, 2006, 25: 2768-2780？？
[35]
35 Burgyan J, Csorba T, Bovi A, et al. The p122 subunit of Tobacco mosaic virus replicase is a potent silencing suppressor and compromisesboth small interfering RNA- and MicroRNA-mediated pathways. J Virol, 2007, 81: 11768-11780？？
[36]
36 Valli A, Oliveros J C, Molnar A, et al. The specific binding to 21-nt double-stranded RNAs is crucial for the anti-silencing activity ofCucumber vein yellowing virus P1b and perturbs endogenous small RNA populations. RNA, 2011, 17: 1148-1158？？
[37]
37 Lakatos L, Hemmes H, Goldbach R, et al. The NS3 protein of Rice hoja blanca tenuivirus suppresses RNA silencing in plant and insect hosts by efficiently binding both siRNAs and miRNAs. RNA, 2007, 13: 1079-1089？？
[38]
38 Ren B, Guo Y Y, Gao F, et al. Multiple functions of Rice dwarf phytoreovirus Pns10 in suppressing systemic RNA silencing. J Virol, 2010,84: 12914-12923？？
[39]
39 Ding S W, Aliyari R, Wu Q F, et al. Mechanism of induction and suppression of antiviral immunity directed by virus-derived small RNAsin Drosophila. Cell Host Microbe, 2008, 4: 387-397？？
[40]
40 Burgyan J, Lakatos L, Szittya G, et al. Molecular mechanism of RNA silencing suppression mediated by p19 protein of tombusviruses.EMBO J, 2004, 23: 876-884？？
[41]
41 Havelda Z, Hornyik C, Crescenzi A, et al. In situ characterization of Cymbidium Ringspot tombusvirus infection-inducedposttranscriptional gene silencing in Nicotiana benthamiana. J Virol, 2003, 77: 6082-6086？？
[42]
42 Dunoyer P, Schott G, Himber C, et al. Small RNA duplexes function as mobile silencing signals between plant cells. Science, 2010, 328:912-916？？
[43]
43 Unrau P J, Ebhardt H A, Thi E P, et al. Extensive 3′ modification of plant small RNAs is modulated by helper component-proteinaseexpression. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 2005, 102: 13398-13403？？
[44]
44 Burgyan J, Lozsa R, Csorba T, et al. Inhibition of 3′ modification of small RNAs in virus-infected plants require spatial and temporalco-expression of small RNAs and viral silencing-suppressor proteins. Nucleic Acids Res, 2008, 36: 4099-4107？？
[45]
45 Valkonen J P T, Cuellar W J, Kreuze J F, et al. Elimination of antiviral defense by viral RNase III. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 2009, 106:10354-10358？？
[46]
46 Meister G, Peters L. Argonaute proteins: mediators of RNA silencing. Mol Cell, 2007, 26: 611-623？？
[47]
47 Canto T, Gonzalez I, Martinez L, et al. Cucumber mosaic virus 2b protein subcellular targets and interactions: their significance to RNAsilencing suppressor activity. Mol Plant Microbe In, 2010, 23: 294-303？？
[48]
48 Chua N H, Zhang X R, Yuan Y R, et al. Cucumber mosaic virus-encoded 2b suppressor inhibits Arabidopsis Argonaute1 cleavage activityto counter plant defense. Genes Dev, 2006, 20: 3255-3268？？
[49]
49 Qi Y J, Mi S J, Cai T, et al. Sorting of small RNAs into Arabidopsis argonaute complexes is directed by the 5′ terminal nucleotide. Cell,2008, 133: 116-127？？
[50]
50 Pikaard C S, Pontes O, Li C F, et al. The Arabidopsis chromatin-modifying nuclear siRNA pathway involves a nucleolar RNA processingcenter. Cell, 2006, 126: 79-92？？
[51]
51 Hamera S, Song X, Su L, et al. Cucumber mosaic virus suppressor 2b binds to AGO4-related small RNAs and impairs AGO4 activities.Plant J, 2012, 69: 104-115？？
[52]
52 Bortolamiol D, Pazhouhandeh M, Marrocco K, et al. The polerovirus F box protein P0 targets ARGONAUTE1 to suppress RNA silencing.Curr Biol, 2007, 17: 1615-1621？？
[53]
53 Baumberger N, Tsai C H, Lie M, et al. The polerovirus silencing suppressor P0 targets ARGONAUTE proteins for degradation. Curr Biol,2007, 17: 1609-1614？？
[54]
54 Burgyan J, Csorba T, Lozsa R, et al. Polerovirus protein P0 prevents the assembly of small RNA-containing RISC complexes and leads todegradation of ARGONAUTE1. Plant J, 2010, 62: 463-472？？
[55]
55 Ziegler-Graff V, Pazhouhandeh M, Dieterle M, et al. F-box-like domain in the polerovirus protein P0 is required for silencing suppressorfunction. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 2006, 103: 1994-1999？？
[56]
56 Mirkov T E, Mangwende T, Wang M L, et al. The P0 gene of Sugarcane yellow leaf virus encodes an RNA silencing suppressor withunique activities. Virology, 2009, 384: 38-50？？
[57]
57 Azevedo J, Garcia D, Pontier D, et al. Argonaute quenching and global changes in Dicer homeostasis caused by a pathogen-encoded GWrepeat protein. Genes Dev, 2010, 24: 904-915？？
[58]
58 Giner A, Lakatos L, Garcia-Chapa M, et al. Viral protein inhibits RISC activity by Argonaute binding through conserved WG/GW motifs.PLoS Pathog, 2010, 6: e1000996？？
[59]
59 Karlowski W M, Zielezinski A, Carrere J, et al. Genome-wide computational identification of WG/GW Argonaute-binding proteins inArabidopsis. Nucleic Acids Res, 2010, 38: 4231-4245？？
[60]
60 Ladurner A G, Till S. RNA Pol IV plays catch with argonaute 4. Cell, 2007, 131: 643-645？？
[61]
61 Lagrange T, El-Shami M, Pontier D, et al. Reiterated WG/GW motifs form functionally and evolutionarily conservedARGONAUTE-binding platforms in RNAi-related components. Genes Dev, 2007, 21: 2539-2544？？
[62]
62 Carrington J C, Xie Z X, Kasschau K D. Negative feedback regulation of Dicer-Like1 in Arabidopsis by microRNA-guided mRNAdegradation. Curr Biol, 2003, 13: 784-789？？
[63]
63 Chiu M H, Chen I H, Baulcombe D C, et al. The silencing suppressor P25 of Potato virus X interacts with Argonaute1 and mediates itsdegradation through the proteasome pathway. Mol Plant Pathol, 2010, 11: 641-649
[64]
64 Voinnet O, Lederer C, Baulcombe D C. A viral movement protein prevents spread of the gene silencing signal in Nicotiana benthamiana.Cell, 2000, 103: 157-167？？
[65]
65 Moissiard G, Parizotto E A, Himber C, et al. Transitivity in Arabidopsis can be primed, requires the redundant action of the antiviralDicer-like 4 and Dicer-like 2, and is compromised by viral-encoded suppressor proteins. RNA, 2007, 13: 1268-1278
[66]
66 Bayne E H, Rakitina D V, Morozov S Y, et al. Cell-to-cell movement of Potato potexvirus X is dependent on suppression of RNAsilencing. Plant J, 2005, 44: 471-482？？
[67]
67 Havelda Z, Varallyay E, Valoczi A, et al. Plant virus-mediated induction of miR168 is associated with repression of ARGONAUTE1accumulation. EMBO J, 2010, 29: 3507-3519？？
[68]
68 Du P, Wu J G, Zhang J Y, et al. Viral infection induces expression of novel phased microRNAs from conserved cellular microRNAprecursors. PLoS Pathog, 2011, 7: e1002176？？
[69]
69 Ding S W, Guo H S. A viral protein inhibits the long range signaling activity of the gene silencing signal. EMBO J, 2002, 21: 398-407？？
[70]
70 Mochizuki T, Sunpapao A, Nakai T, et al. The 2b protein of cucumber mosaic virus is essential for viral infection of the shoot apicalmeristem and for efficient invasion of leaf primordia in infected tobacco plants. J Gen Virol, 2009, 90: 3015-3021？？
[71]
71 Schwach F, Vaistij F E, Jones L, et al. An RNA-dependent RNA polymerase prevents meristem invasion by potato virus X and is requiredfor the activity but not the production of a systemic silencing signal. Plant Physiol, 2005, 138: 1842-1852？？
[72]
72 Gafni Y, Glick E, Zrachya A, et al. Interaction with host SGS3 is required for suppression of RNA silencing by tomato yellow leaf curlvirus V2 protein. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 2008, 105: 157-161？？
[73]
73 Gafni Y, Zrachya A, Glick E, et al. Suppressor of RNA silencing encoded by Tomato yellow leaf curl virus-Israel. Virology, 2007, 358:159-165？？
[74]
74 Doudna J A, Fukunaga R. dsRNA with 5′ overhangs contributes to endogenous and antiviral RNA silencing pathways in plants. EMBO J,2009, 28: 545-555？？
[75]
75 Elkashef S, Ding S W. Possible new RNA intermediate in RNA silencing. Nat Chem Biol, 2009, 5: 278-279？？
[76]
76 Watanabe Y, Kumakura N, Takeda A, et al. SGS3 and RDR6 interact and colocalize in cytoplasmic SGS3/RDR6-bodies. Febs Lett, 2009,583: 1261-1266？？
[77]
77 Mourrain P, Beclin C, Elmayan T, et al. Arabidopsis SGS2 and SGS3 genes are required for posttranscriptional gene silencing and naturalvirus resistance. Cell, 2000, 101: 533-542？？
[78]
78 Peragine A, Yoshikawa M, Wu G, et al. SGS3 and SGS2/SDE1/RDR6 are required for juvenile development and the production oftrans-acting siRNAs in Arabidopsis. Genes Dev, 2004, 18: 2368-2679？？
[79]
79 Milner J J, Love A J, Laird J, et al. Cauliflower mosaic virus protein P6 is a suppressor of RNA silencing. J Gen Virol, 2007, 88:3439-3444？？
[80]
80 Keller M, Haas G, Azevedo J, et al. Nuclear import of CaMV P6 is required for infection and suppression of the RNA silencing factorDRB4. EMBO J, 2008, 27: 2102-2112？？
[81]
81 Yang X L, Xie Y, Raja P, et al. Suppression of methylation-mediated transcriptional gene silencing by βC1-SAHH protein interactionduring geminivirus-betasatellite infection. PLoS Pathog, 2011, 7: e1002329？？
[82]
82 Brough C L, Gardiner W E, Inamdar N M, et al. DNA methylation inhibits propagation of Tomato golden mosaic-virus DNA intransfected protoplasts. Plant Mol Biol, 1992, 18: 703-712？？
[83]
83 Zhang Z H, Chen H, Huang X H, et al. BSCTV C2 attenuates the degradation of SAMDC1 to suppress DNA methylation-mediated genesilencing in Arabidopsis. Plant Cell, 2011, 23: 273-288？？
[84]
84 Bisaro D M. Silencing suppression by geminivirus proteins. Virology, 2006, 344: 158-168？？
[85]
85 Bisaro D M, Wang H, Buckley K J, et al. Adenosine kinase inhibition and suppression of RNA silencing by geminivirus AL2 and L2proteins. J Virol, 2005, 79: 7410-7418？？
[86]
86 Bisaro D M, Wang H, Hao L H, et al. Adenosine kinase is inactivated by geminivirus AL2 and L2 proteins. Plant Cell, 2003, 15:3020-3032？？
[87]
87 Moffatt B A, Stevens Y Y, Allen M S, et al. Adenosine kinase deficiency is associated with developmental abnormalities and reducedtransmethylation. Plant Physiol, 2002, 128: 812-821？？
[88]
88 Bisaro D M, Buchmann R C, Asad S, et al. Geminivirus AL2 and L2 proteins suppress transcriptional gene silencing and causegenome-wide reductions in cytosine methylation. J Virol, 2009, 83: 5005-5013？？
[89]
89 Sunter G, Bisaro D M. Transactivation of geminivirus-ar1 and geminivirus-Br1 gene-expression by the viral-Al2 gene-product occurs atthe level of transcription. Plant Cell, 1992, 4: 1321-1331
[90]
90 Pooggin M A, Trinks D, Rajeswaran R, et al. Suppression of RNA silencing by a geminivirus nuclear protein, AC2, correlates withtransactivation of host genes. J Virol, 2005, 79: 2517-2527？？
[91]
91 Chapman E J, Prokhnevsky A I, Gopinath K, et al. Viral RNA silencing suppressors inhibit the microRNA pathway at an intermediate step.Genes Dev, 2004, 18: 1179-1186？？
[92]
92 Voinnet O, Dunoyer P, Lecellier C H, et al. Probing the microRNA and small interfering RNA pathways with virus-encoded suppressorsof RNA silencing. Plant Cell, 2004, 16: 1235-1250？？
[93]
93 Carrington J C, Kasschau K D, Xie Z X, et al. P1/HC-Pro, a viral suppressor of RNA silencing, interferes with Arabidopsis developmentand miRNA function. Dev Cell, 2003, 4: 205-217？？
[94]
94 Wang M B, Smith N A, Eamens A L. Viral small interfering RNAs target host genes to mediate disease symptoms in plants. PLoS Pathog,2011, 7: e1002022？？
[95]
95 Melnyk C W, Molnar A, Baulcombe D C. Intercellular and systemic movement of RNA silencing signals. EMBO J, 2011, 30: 3553-3563？？
[96]
96 Dunoyer P, Brosnan C A, Schott G, et al. An endogenous, systemic RNAi pathway in plants. EMBO J, 2010, 29: 1699-1712？？
[97]
97 Molnar A, Melnyk C W, Bassett A, et al. Small silencing RNAs in plants are mobile and direct epigenetic modification in recipient cells.Science, 2010, 328: 872-875？？
[98]
98 Baulcombe D. RNA silencing in plants. Nature, 2004, 431: 356-363？？
[99]
100 Cao X S, Zhou P, Zhang X M, et al. Identification of an RNA silencing suppressor from a plant double-stranded RNA virus. J Virol, 2005,79: 13018-13027？？
[100]
99 Senshu H, Yamaji Y, Minato N, et al. A dual strategy for the suppression of host antiviral silencing: two distinct suppressors for viralreplication and viral movement encoded by Potato Virus M. J Virol, 2011, 85: 10269-10278？？
