全部 标题 作者
关键词 摘要

OALib Journal期刊
ISSN: 2333-9721
费用:99美元

查看量下载量

相关文章

更多...

哺乳动物卵母细胞和胚胎冷冻保存研究进展:现存问题与未来展望

, PP. 663-675

Keywords: 冷冻保存,哺乳动物,卵母细胞,胚胎,问题

Full-Text   Cite this paper   Add to My Lib

Abstract:

在过去的几十年中,哺乳动物卵母细胞和胚胎冷冻保存技术因在辅助生殖技术及实际生产中应用广泛,其研究发展尤为迅速.多个物种(包括人)的卵母细胞和胚胎冷冻保存研究获得了受孕和活产的成功佐证,为冷冻保存技术的临床应用提供了理论依据,并成为体外受精不可缺少的环节.尽管哺乳动物卵母细胞和胚胎的冷冻保存技术的研发和应用取得了巨大进展,例如为可能不育的患者贮藏生殖潜能、卵子冻存库的建立以及卵母细胞和胚胎的跨国运输,但成功率仍达不到使用新鲜卵母细胞和胚胎的水平,还存在许多难题有待解决.本文针对低温保存技术中制约冷冻效率和成功率的主要问题进行了综述,旨在解决技术研发中遇到的瓶颈,为改进技术提供借鉴和参考,鼓励低温生物学研究者继续开展深入研究,加快推进冷冻保存技术在人类和动物辅助生殖技术中的实际应用.

References

[1]  48 Morató R, Mogas T, Maddox-Hyttel P, et al. Ultrastructure of bovine oocytes exposed to Taxol prior to OPS vitrification. Mol Reprod Dev, 2008, 75: 1318-1326
[2]  49 Boiso I, Marti M, Santaló J, et al. A confocal microscopy analysis of the spindle and chromosome configurations of human oocytes cryopreserved at the germinal vesicle and metaphase II stage. Hum Reprod, 2002, 17: 1885-1891
[3]  50 Zhou G B, Li N. Cryopreservation of porcine oocytes: recent advances. Mol Hum Reprod, 2009, 15: 279-285
[4]  51 Zander-Fox D, Cashman K S, Lane M, et al. The presence of 1 mM glycine in vitrification solutions protects oocyte mitochondrial homeostasis and improves blastocyst development. J Assist Reprod Genet, 2013, 30: 107-116
[5]  47 Sharma G T, Dubey P K, Chandra V, et al. Morphological changes, DNA damage and developmental competence of in vitro matured, vitrified-thawed buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) oocytes: a comparative study of two cryoprotectants and two cryodevices. Cryobiology, 2010, 60: 315-321
[6]  52 Nagai S, Mabuchi T, Hirata S, et al. Correlation of abnormal mitochondrial distribution in mouse oocytes with reduced developmental competence. Tohoku J Exp Med, 2006, 210: 137-144
[7]  53 Schatten G, Simerly C, Schatten H, et al. Microtubule configurations during fertilization, mitosis, and early development in the mouse and the requirement for egg microtubule-mediated motility during mammalian fertilization. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 1985, 82: 4152-4156
[8]  54 Rienzi L, Ubaldi F, Iacobelli M, et al. Meiotic spindle visualization in living human oocytes. Reprod Biomed Online, 2005,10: 192-198
[9]  55 Rienzi L, Martinez F, Ubaldi F, et al. Polscope analysis of meiotic spindle changes in living metaphase II human oocytes during the freezing and thawing procedures. Hum Reprod, 2004, 19: 655-659
[10]  56 Bianchi V, Coticchio G, Fava L, et al. Meiotic spindle imaging in human oocytes frozen with a slow freezing procedure involving high sucrose concentration. Hum Reprod, 2005, 20: 1078-1083
[11]  98 Monzo C, Haouzi D, Roman K, et al. Slow freezing and vitrification differentially modify the gene expression profile of human metaphase II oocytes. Hum Reprod, 2012, 27: 2160-2168
[12]  99 Chamayou S, Bonaventura G, Alecci C, et al. Consequences of metaphase II oocyte cryopreservation on mRNA content. Cryobiology, 2011, 62: 130-134
[13]  100 Larman M, Katz-Jaffe M, Sheehan C, et al. 1,2-propanediol and the type of cryopreservation procedure adversely affect mouse oocyte physiology. Hum Reprod, 2007, 22: 250-259
[14]  101 Brenner C, Exley G, Alikani M, et al. O-174 apoptosis and human embryo survival. Fertil Steril, 1997, 68: S86
[15]  102 Yang M Y, Rajamahendran R. Expression of Bcl-2 and Bax proteins in relation to quality of bovine oocytes and embryos produced in vitro. Anim Reprod Sci, 2002, 70: 159-169
[16]  103 Dhali A, Anchamparuthy V, Butler S, et al. Effect of droplet vitrification on development competence, actin cytoskeletal integrity and gene expression in in vitro cultured mouse embryos. Theriogenology, 2009, 71: 1408-1416
[17]  104 Dhali A, Anchamparuthy V, Butler S, et al. Gene expression and development of mouse zygotes following droplet vitrification. Theriogenology, 2007, 68: 1292-1298
[18]  105 Barraud-Lange V, Boissonnas C C, Serres C, et al. Membrane transfer from oocyte to sperm occurs in two CD9-independent ways that do not supply the fertilising ability of Cd9-deleted oocytes. Reproduction, 2012, 144: 53-66
[19]  106 Miyado K, Yoshida K, Yamagata K, et al. The fusing ability of sperm is bestowed by CD9-containing vesicles released from eggs in mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 2008, 105: 12921-12926
[20]  107 Mamo S, Bodo S, Kobolak J, et al. Gene expression profiles of vitrified in vivo derived 8-cell stage mouse embryos detected by high density oligonucleotide microarrays. Mol Reprod Dev, 2006, 73: 1380-1392
[21]  132 Lucena E, Bernal D P, Lucena C, et al. Successful ongoing pregnancies after vitrification of oocytes. Fertil Steril, 2006, 85: 108-111
[22]  133 Bhat M, Yaqoob S, Khan F, et al. Open pulled straw vitrification of in vitro matured sheep oocytes using different cryoprotectants. Small Ruminant Res, 2013, 112: 136-140
[23]  134 Cuello C, Sanchez-Osorio J, Almi?ana C, et al. Effect of the cryoprotectant concentration on the in vitro embryo development and cell proliferation of OPS-vitrified porcine blastocysts. Cryobiology, 2008, 56: 189-194
[24]  135 Chian R C, Kuwayama M, Tan L, et al. High survival rate of bovine oocytes matured in vitro following vitrification. J Reprod Dev, 2004, 50: 685-696
[25]  136 Chian R, Son W, Huang J, et al. High survival rates and pregnancies of human oocytes following vitrification: preliminary report. Fertil Steril, 2005, 84: S36
[26]  137 Fahy G M, Wowk B, Wu J, et al. Improved vitrification solutions based on the predictability of vitrification solution toxicity. Cryobiology, 2004, 48: 22-35
[27]  138 Kasai M, Komi J, Takakamo A, et al. A simple method for mouse embryo cryopreservation in a low toxicity vitrification solution, without appreciable loss of viability. J Reprod Fertil, 1990, 89: 91-97
[28]  139 Rho G J, Lee S L, Kim Y S, et al. Intracytoplasmic sperm injection of frozen-thawed bovine oocytes and subsequent embryo development. Mol Reprod Dev, 2004, 68: 449-455
[29]  140 Carroll J, Wood M, Whittingham D, et al. Normal fertilization and development of frozen-thawed mouse oocytes: protective action of certain macromolecules. Biol Reprod, 1993, 48: 606-612
[30]  141 Nagashima H, Nottle M, Kashiwazaki N, et al. Cryopreservation of porcine embryos. Switzerland WIPO Patent, 1995005075, 1995-02-24
[31]  142 Men H, Agca Y, Riley L K, et al. Improved survival of vitrified porcine embryos after partial delipation through chemically stimulated lipolysis and inhibition of apoptosis. Theriogenology, 2006, 66: 2008-2016
[32]  143 Moawad A R, Tan S L, Xu B, et al. L-carnitine supplementation during vitrification of mouse oocytes at the germinal vesicle stage improves preimplantation development following maturation and fertilization in vitro. Biol Reprod, 2013, 88: 1-8
[33]  144 Takahashi T, Inaba Y, Somfai T, et al. Supplementation of culture medium with L-carnitine improves development and cryotolerance of bovine embryos produced in vitro. Reprod Fertil Dev, 2013, 25: 589-599
[34]  145 Chankitisakul V, Somfai T, Inaba Y, et al. Supplementation of maturation medium with L-carnitine improves cryo-tolerance of bovine in vitro matured oocytes. Theriogenology, 2013, 79: 590-598
[35]  146 Cobo A, Kuwayama M, Pérez S, et al. Comparison of concomitant outcome achieved with fresh and cryopreserved donor oocytes vitrified by the Cryotop method. Fertil Steril, 2008, 89: 1657-1664
[36]  147 Prentice-Biensch J R, Singh J, Mapletoft R J, et al. Vitrification of immature bovine cumulus-oocyte complexes: effects of cryoprotectants, the vitrification procedure and warming time on cleavage and embryo development. Reprod Biol Endocrinol, 2012, 10: 73
[37]  148 Merlo B, Iacono E, Regazzini M, et al. Cat blastocysts produced in vitro from oocytes vitrified using the cryoloop technique and cryopreserved electroejaculated semen. Theriogenology, 2008, 70: 126-130
[38]  149 Chian R C, Gilbert L, Huang J Y, et al. Live birth after vitrification of in vitro matured human oocytes. Fertil Steril, 2009, 91: 372-376
[39]  150 Mukaida T, Nakamura S, Tomiyama T, et al. Vitrification of human blastocysts using cryoloops: clinical outcome of 223 cycles. Hum Reprod, 2003, 18: 384-391
[40]  151 Vanderzwalmen P, Bertin G, Debauche C, et al. Vitrification of human blastocysts with the Hemi-Straw carrier: application of assisted hatching after thawing. Hum Reprod, 2003,18: 1504-1511
[41]  152 Cuello C, Berthelot F, Martinat-Botte F, et al. Piglets born after non-surgical deep intrauterine transfer of vitrified blastocysts in gilts. Anim Reprod Sci, 2005, 85: 275-286
[42]  153 Bielanski A. A review of the risk of contamination of semen and embryos during cryopreservation and measures to limit cross-contamination during banking to prevent disease transmission in ET practices. Theriogenology, 2012, 77: 467-482
[43]  154 Desai N N, Goldberg J M, Austin C, et al. The new Rapid-i carrier is an effective system for human embryo vitrification at both the blastocyst and cleavage stage. Reprod Biol Endocrinol, 2013, 11: 41
[44]  11 Smith G D, Serafini P C, Fioravanti J, et al. Prospective randomized comparison of human oocyte cryopreservation with slow-rate freezing or vitrification. Fertil Steril, 2010, 94: 2088-2095
[45]  12 Moawad A R, Zhu J, Choi I, et al. Production of good-quality blastocyst embryos following IVF of ovine oocytes vitrified at the germinal vesicle stage using a cryoloop. Reprod Fert Develop, 2013, 25: 1204-1215
[46]  13 Kohaya N, Fujiwara K, Ito J, et al. Generation of live offspring from vitrified mouse oocytes of C57BL/6J strain. PLoS One, 2013, 8: e58063
[47]  14 Aono A, Nagatomo H, Takuma T, et al. Dynamics of intracellular phospholipid membrane organization during oocyte maturation and successful vitrification of immature oocytes retrieved by ovum pick-up in cattle. Theriogenology, 2013, 79: 1146-1152
[48]  15 Pope C E, Gómez M C, Kagawa N, et al. In vivo survival of domestic cat oocytes after vitrification, intracytoplasmic sperm injection and embryo transfer. Theriogenology, 2012,77: 531-538
[49]  16 de Leon P M M, Campos V F, Corcini C D, et al. Cryopreservation of immature equine oocytes, comparing a solid surface vitrification process with open pulled straws and the use of a synthetic ice blocker. Theriogenology, 2012, 77: 21-27
[50]  17 Vieira A, Forell F, Feltrin C, et al. Calves Born after direct transfer of vitrified bovine in vitro-produced blastocysts derived from vitrified immature oocytes. Reprod Domest Anim, 2008, 43: 314-318
[51]  18 Gupta M K, Uhm S J, Lee H T, et al. Cryopreservation of immature and in vitro matured porcine oocytes by solid surface vitrification. Theriogenology, 2007, 67: 238-248
[52]  19 Gasparrini B, Attanasio L, De Rosa A, et al. Cryopreservation of in vitro matured buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) oocytes by minimum volumes vitrification methods. Anim Reprod Sci, 2007, 98: 335-342
[53]  20 Begin I, Bhatia B, Baldassarre H, et al. Cryopreservation of goat oocytes and in vivo derived 2- to 4-cell embryos using the cryoloop (CLV) and solid-surface vitrification (SSV) methods. Theriogenology, 2003, 59: 1839-1850
[54]  21 Vajta G, Holm P, Kuwayama M, et al. Open pulled straw (OPS) vitrification: a new way to reduce cryoinjuries of bovine ova and embryos. Mol Reprod Dev, 1998, 51: 53-58
[55]  22 Panagiotidis Y, Vanderzwalmen P, Prapas Y, et al. Open versus closed vitrification of blastocysts from an oocyte-donation programme: a prospective randomized study. Reprod Biomed Online, 2013, 26: 470-476
[56]  23 Wang L, Zhou G, Shi W, et al. First live offspring born in superovulated sika deer (Cervus nippon) after embryo vitrification. Theriogenology, 2012, 78: 1627-1632
[57]  24 Nagashima H, Hiruma K, Saito H, et al. Production of live piglets following cryopreservation of embryos derived from in vitro-matured oocytes. Biol Reprod, 2007, 76: 900-905
[58]  25 Hong Q H, Tian S J, Zhu S E, et al. Vitrification of boer goat morulae and early blastocysts by straw and open-pulled straw method. Reprod Domest Anim, 2007, 42: 34-38
[59]  26 Piltti K, Lindeberg H, Aalto J, et al. Live cubs born after transfer of OPS vitrified-warmed embryos in the farmed European polecat (Mustela putorius). Theriogenology, 2004, 61: 811-820
[60]  27 Gong G, Dai Y, Fan B, et al. Birth of calves expressing the enhanced green fluorescent protein after transfer of fresh or vitrified/thawed blastocysts produced by somatic cell nuclear transfer. Mol Reprod Dev, 2004, 69: 278-288
[61]  28 Isachenko V, Alabart J L, Dattena M, et al. New technology for vitrification and field (microscope-free) warming and transfer of small ruminant embryos. Theriogenology, 2003, 59: 1209-1218
[62]  29 López-Béjar M, López-Gatius F. Nonequilibrium cryopreservation of rabbit embryos using a modified (sealed) open pulled straw procedure. Theriogenology, 2002, 58: 1541-52
[63]  30 Cho H J, Son W Y, Yoon S H, et al. An improved protocol for dilution of cryoprotectants from vitrified human blastocysts. Hum Reprod, 2002, 17: 2419-22
[64]  31 Kuleshova L L, Lopata A. Vitrification can be more favorable than slow cooling. Fertil Steril, 2002, 78: 449-454
[65]  32 Forman E J, Li X, Ferry K M, et al. Oocyte vitrification does not increase the risk of embryonic aneuploidy or diminish the implantation potential of blastocysts created after intracytoplasmic sperm injection: a novel, paired randomized controlled trial using DNA fingerprinting. Fertil Steril, 2012, 98: 644-649
[66]  33 Kasai M. Advances in the cryopreservation of mammalian oocytes and embryos: development of ultrarapid vitrification. Reprod Med Biol, 2002, 1: 1-9
[67]  34 Martino A, Pollard J W, Leibo S, et al. Effect of chilling bovine oocytes on their developmental competence. Mol Reprod Dev, 1996, 45: 503-512
[68]  35 Aman R R, Parks J E. Effects of cooling and rewarming on the meiotic spindle and chromosomes of in vitro-matured bovine oocytes. Biol Reprod, 1994, 50: 103-110
[69]  36 Rall W. Factors affecting the survival of mouse embryos cryopreserved by vitrification. Cryobiology, 1987, 24: 387-402
[70]  37 Berthelot F, Martinat-Botté F, Perreau C, et al. Birth of piglets after OPS vitrification and transfer of compacted morula stage embryos with intact zona pellucida. Reprod Nutr Dev, 2001, 41: 267
[71]  38 Ledda S, Bogliolo L, Succu S, et al. Oocyte cryopreservation: oocyte assessment and strategies for improving survival. Reprod Fertil Dev, 2006, 19: 13-23
[72]  39 Paynter S. A rational approach to oocyte cryopreservation. Reprod Biomed Online, 2005, 10: 578-586
[73]  40 Rall W, Meyer T. Zona fracture damage and its avoidance during the cryopreservation of mammalian embryos. Theriogenology, 1989, 31: 683-692
[74]  41 Hara H, Hwang I S, Kagawa N, et al. High incidence of multiple aster formation in vitrified-warmed bovine oocytes after in vitro fertilization. Theriogenology, 2012, 77: 908-915
[75]  42 Hara H, Yamane I, Noto I, et al. Microtubule assembly and in vitro development of bovine oocytes with increased intracellular glutathione level prior to vitrification and in vitro fertilization. Zygote, 2013, 26: 1-7
[76]  43 Jackowski S, Leibo S, Mazur P, et al. Glycerol permeabilities of fertilized and unfertilized mouse ova. J Exp Zool, 1980, 212: 329-341
[77]  44 Wu C, Rui R, Dai J, et al. Effects of cryopreservation on the developmental competence, ultrastructure and cytoskeletal structure of porcine oocytes. Mol Reprod Dev, 2006, 73: 1454-1462
[78]  45 Aigner S, Van der Elst J, Siebzehnriibl E, et al. The influence of slow and ultra-rapid freezing on the organization of the meiotic spindle of the mouse oocyte. Hum Reprod, 1992, 7: 857-864
[79]  46 Vincent C, Garnier V, Heyman Y, et al. Solvent effects on cytoskeletal organization and in-vivo survival after freezing of rabbit oocytes. J Reprod Fertil, 1989, 87: 809-820
[80]  1 Chang M. The effects of low temperature on fertilized rabbit ova in vitro, and the normal development of ova kept at low temperature for several days. J Gen Physiol, 1948, 31: 385-410
[81]  2 Chang M. Fertilizability of rabbit ova and the effects of temperature in vitro on their subsequent fertilization and activation in vivo. J Exp Zool, 1952, 121: 351-381
[82]  3 Whittingham D. Fertilization in vitro and development to term of unfertilized mouse oocytes previously stored at -196℃. J Reprod Fertil, 1977, 49: 89-94
[83]  4 Chen C. Pregnancy after human oocyte cryopreservation. Lancet, 1986, 327: 884-886
[84]  5 AI-Hasani S, Kirsch J, Diedrich K, et al. Successcul embryo transfer of cryopreserved and in-vitro fertilized rabbit oocytes. Hum Reprod, 1989, 4: 77-79
[85]  6 Fuku E, Kojima T, Shioya Y, et al. In vitro fertilization and development of frozen-thawed bovine oocytes. Cryobiology, 1992, 29: 485-492
[86]  7 Maclellan L, Carnevale E, Coutinho da Silva M, et al. Pregnancies from vitrified equine oocytes collected from super-stimulated and non-stimulated mares. Theriogenology, 2002, 58: 911-919
[87]  8 Oktay K, Cil A P, Bang H, et al. Efficiency of oocyte cryopreservation: a meta-analysis. Fertil Steril, 2006, 86: 70
[88]  9 Bromfield J, Coticchio G, Hutt K, et al. Meiotic spindle dynamics in human oocytes following slow-cooling cryopreservation. Hum Reprod, 2009, 24: 2114-2123
[89]  10 Rall W, Fahy G. Ice-free cryopreservation of mouse embryos at -196℃ by vitrification. Nature, 1985, 313: 573-575
[90]  57 Coticchio G, Sciajno R, Hutt K, et al. Comparative analysis of the metaphase II spindle of human oocytes through polarized light and high-performance confocal microscopy. Fertil Steril, 2010, 93: 2056-2064
[91]  58 Gomes C, Merlini M, Konheim J, et al. Oocyte meiotic-stage-specific differences in spindle depolymerization in response to temperature changes monitored with polarized field microscopy and immunocytochemistry. Fertil Steril, 2012, 97: 714-719
[92]  59 Eroglu A, Toth T L, Toner M, et al. Alterations of the cytoskeleton and polyploidy induced by cryopreservation of metaphase II mouse oocytes. Fertil Steril, 1998, 69: 944-957
[93]  60 Chen S U, Lien Y R, Chen H F, et al. Open pulled straws for vitrification of mature mouse oocytes preserve patterns of meiotic spindles and chromosomes better than conventional straws. Hum Reprod, 2000, 15: 2598-2603
[94]  61 Martínez-Burgos M, Herrero L, Megías D, et al. Vitrification versus slow freezing of oocytes: effects on morphologic appearance, meiotic spindle configuration, and DNA damage. Fertil Steril, 2011, 95: 374-377
[95]  62 Ciotti P M, Porcu E, Notarangelo L, et al. Meiotic spindle recovery is faster in vitrification of human oocytes compared to slow freezing. Fertil Steril, 2009, 91: 2399-2407
[96]  63 Chang C C, Lin C J, Sung L Y, et al. Impact of phase transition on the mouse oocyte spindle during vitrification. Reprod Biomed Online, 2011, 22: 184-191
[97]  64 Gook D A, Osborn S M, Johnston W, et al. Cryopreservation of mouse and human oocytes using 1,2-propanediol and the configuration of the meiotic spindle. Hum Reprod, 1993, 8: 1101-1109
[98]  65 Goud A, Goud P, Qian C, et al. Cryopreservation of human germinal vesicle stage and in vitro matured M II oocytes: influence of cryopreservation media on the survival, fertilization, and early cleavage divisions. Fertil Steril, 2000, 74: 487-494
[99]  66 Agca Y, Liu J, Peter A, et al. Effect of developmental stage on bovine oocyte plasma membrane water and cryoprotectant permeability characteristics. Mol Reprod Dev, 1998, 49: 408-415
[100]  67 Ghetler Y, Yavin S, Shalgi R, et al. The effect of chilling on membrane lipid phase transition in human oocytes and zygotes. Hum Reprod, 2005, 20: 3385-3389
[101]  68 Tucker M J, Wright G, Morton P C, et al. Birth after cryopreservation of immature oocytes with subsequent in vitro maturation. Fertil Steril, 1998, 70: 578-579
[102]  69 Ian Gallicano G, McGaughey R W, Capco D G, et al. Cytoskeleton of the mouse egg and embryo: reorganization of planar elements. Cell Motil Cytoskel, 1991, 18: 143-154
[103]  70 Valojerdi M R, Salehnia M. Developmental potential and ultrastructural injuries of metaphase II (MII) mouse oocytes after slow freezing or vitrification. J Assist Reprod Gen, 2005, 22: 119-127
[104]  71 Xia W, Fu X W, Zhou G B, et al. Cytokeratin distribution and expression during the maturation of mouse germinal vesicle oocytes after vitrification. Cryobiology, 2013, 66: 261-266
[105]  72 Park S E, Chung H M, Cha K Y, et al. Cryopreservation of ICR mouse oocytes: improved post-thawed preimplantation development after vitrification using Taxol, a cytoskeleton stabilizer. Fertil Steril, 2001, 75: 1177-1184
[106]  75 Shi W Q, Zhu S E, Zhang D, et al. Improved development by Taxol pretreatment after vitrification of in vitro matured porcine oocytes. Reproduction, 2006, 131: 795-804
[107]  73 Schmidt D, Nedambale T, Kim C, et al. Effect of cytoskeleton stabilizing agents on bovine matured oocytes following vitrification. Fertil Steril, 2004, 82: S26
[108]  74 Ogawa B, Ueno S, Nakayama N, et al. Developmental ability of porcine in vitro matured oocytes at the meiosis II stage after vitrification. J Reprod Dev, 2010, 56: 356-361
[109]  76 Zhang J, Nedambale T, Yang M, et al. Improved development of ovine matured oocyte following solid surface vitrification (SSV): effect of cumulus cells and cytoskeleton stabilizer. Anim Reprod Sci, 2009, 110: 46-55
[110]  77 Mezzalira A, Vieira A, Barbieri D, et al. Abstracts for poster presentation—cryopreservation/cryobiology-vitrification of matured bovine oocytes treated with Cytochalasin B. Theriogenology, 2002, 57: 472
[111]  78 Fujihira T, Nagai H, Fukui Y, et al. Relationship between equilibration times and the presence of cumulus cells, and effect of Taxol treatment for vitrification of in vitro matured porcine oocytes. Cryobiology, 2005, 51: 339-343
[112]  79 Jiménez-Trigos E, Naturil-Alfonso C, Vicente J S, et al. Post-warming competence of in vivo matured rabbit oocytes treated with cytoskeletal stabilization (Taxol) and cytoskeletal relaxant (Cytochalasin B) before vitrification. Reprod Domest Anim, 2013, 48: 15-19
[113]  80 Larman M G, Sheehan C B, Gardner D K, et al. Calcium-free vitrification reduces cryoprotectant-induced zona pellucida hardening and increases fertilization rates in mouse oocytes. Reproduction, 2006, 131: 53-61
[114]  81 Kline D, Kline J T. Repetitive calcium transients and the role of calcium in exocytosis and cell cycle activation in the mouse egg. Dev Biol, 1992, 149: 80-89
[115]  82 Pickering S J, Braude P R, Johnson M H, et al. Cryoprotection of human oocytes: inappropriate exposure to DMSO reduces fertilization rates. Hum Reprod, 1991, 6: 142-143
[116]  83 Brevini T A, Vassena R, Francisci C, et al. Role of adenosine triphosphate, active mitochondria, and microtubules in the acquisition of developmental competence of parthenogenetically activated pig oocytes. Biol Reprod, 2005, 72: 1218-1223
[117]  84 Manipalviratn S, Tong Z B, Stegmann B, et al. Effect of vitrification and thawing on human oocyte ATP concentration. Fertil Steril, 2011, 95: 1839-1841
[118]  85 Zhao X M, Du W H, Wang D, et al. Effect of cyclosporine pretreatment on mitochondrial function in vitrified bovine mature oocytes. Fertil Steril, 2011, 95: 2786-2788
[119]  86 Van Blerkom J. Mitochondria in human oogenesis and preimplantation embryogenesis: engines of metabolism, ionic regulation and developmental competence. Reproduction, 2004, 128: 269-280
[120]  87 Cummins J. The role of mitochondria in the establishment of oocyte functional competence. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol, 2004, 115: S23-S29
[121]  88 Cobo A, Perez S, De los Santos M, et al. Effect of different cryopreservation protocols on the metaphase II spindle in human oocytes. Reprod Biomed Online, 2008, 17: 350-359
[122]  89 Hochi S, Kozawa M, Fujimoto T, et al. In Vitro maturation and transmission electron microscopic observation of horse oocytes after vitrification. Cryobiology, 1996, 33: 300-310
[123]  90 Turathum B, Saikhun K, Sangsuwan P, et al. Effects of vitrification on nuclear maturation, ultrastructural changes and gene expression of canine oocytes. Reprod Biol Endocrin, 2010, 8: 70
[124]  91 Zhou G B, Zeng Y, Meng Q G, et al. Decreased expression of CD9 in bovine oocytes after cryopreservation and the relationship to fertilization capacity. Mol Reprod Dev, 2013, 80: 451-459
[125]  92 Li J, Fu X, Mo X, et al. Vitrification alters acH4K12 and acH4K16 levels in sheep oocytes at various developmental stages. Small Ruminant Res, 2013, 112: 108-113
[126]  93 Anchamparuthy V, Pearson R, Gwazdauskas F, et al. Expression pattern of apoptotic genes in vitrified-thawed bovine oocytes. Reprod Domest Anim, 2010, 45: 83-90
[127]  94 Succu S, Bebbere D, Bogliolo L, et al. Vitrification of in vitro matured ovine oocytes affects in vitro pre-implantation development and mRNA abundance. Mol Reprod Dev, 2008, 75: 538-546
[128]  95 Lee R K K, Li S H, Lu C H, et al. Abnormally low expression of connexin 37 and connexin 43 in subcutaneously transplanted cryopreserved mouse ovarian tissue. J Assist Reprod Genet, 2008, 25: 489-497
[129]  96 Wen Y, Quintero R, Chen B, et al. Expression of CD9 in frozen-thawed mouse oocytes: preliminary experience. Fertil Steril, 2007, 88: 526-529
[130]  97 Liu H C, He Z, Rosenwaks Z, et al. Mouse ovarian tissue cryopreservation has only a minor effect on in vitro follicular maturation and gene expression. J Assist Reprod Genet, 2003, 20: 421-431
[131]  108 Boonkusol D, Gal A B, Bodo S, et al. Gene expression profiles and in vitro development following vitrification of pronuclear and 8-cell stage mouse embryos. Mol Reprod Dev, 2006, 73: 700-708
[132]  109 Aksu D A, Agca C, Aksu S, et al. Gene expression profiles of vitrified in vitro- and in vivo-derived bovine blastocysts. Mol Reprod Dev, 2012, 79: 613-625
[133]  110 Zhao X M, Ren J J, Du W H, et al. Effect of vitrification on promoter CpG island methylation patterns and expression levels of DNA methyltransferase 1o, histone acetyltransferase 1, and deacetylase 1 in metaphase II mouse oocytes. Fertil Steril, 2013, 100: 256-261
[134]  111 Zhao X M, Ren J J, Du W H, et al. Effect of 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine on methylation of the putative imprinted control region of H19 during the in vitro development of vitrified bovine two-cell embryos. Fertil Steril, 2012, 98: 222-227
[135]  112 Zhao X M, Du W H, Hao H S, et al. Effect of vitrification on promoter methylation and the expression of pluripotency and differentiation genes in mouse blastocysts. Mol Reprod Dev, 2012, 79: 445-450
[136]  113 Milroy C, Liu L, Hammoud S, et al. Differential methylation of pluripotency gene promoters in in vitro matured and vitrified, in vivo-matured mouse oocytes. Fertil Steril, 2011, 95: 2094-2099
[137]  114 Li J J, Pei Y, Zhou G B, et al. Histone deacetyltransferase1 expression in mouse oocyte and their in vitro-fertilized embryo: effect of oocyte vitrification. Cryoletters, 2011, 32: 13-20
[138]  115 Al-Khtib M, Perret A, Khoueiry R, et al. Vitrification at the germinal vesicle stage does not affect the methylation profile of H19 and KCNQ1OT1 imprinting centers in human oocytes subsequently matured in vitro. Fertil Steril, 2011, 95: 1955-1960
[139]  116 Yan L Y, Yan J, Qiao J, et al. Effects of oocyte vitrification on histone modifications. Reprod Fertil Dev, 2010, 22: 920-925
[140]  117 Wang Z, Xu L, He F, et al. Embryo vitrification affects the methylation of the H19/Igf2 differentially methylated domain and the expression of H19 and Igf2. Fertil Steril, 2010, 93: 2729-2733
[141]  118 Suo L, Meng Q, Pei Y, et al. Effect of cryopreservation on acetylation patterns of lysine 12 of histone H4 (acH4K12) in mouse oocytes and zygotes. J Assist Reprod Genet, 2010, 27: 735-741
[142]  119 Trapphoff T, El Hajj N, Zechner U, et al. DNA integrity, growth pattern, spindle formation, chromosomal constitution and imprinting patterns of mouse oocytes from vitrified pre-antral follicles. Hum Reprod, 2010, 25: 3025-3042
[143]  120 Spinaci M, Vallorani C, Bucci D, et al. Vitrification of pig oocytes induces changes in histone H4 acetylation and histone H3 lysine 9 methylation (H3K9). Vet Res Commun, 2012, 36: 165-171
[144]  121 Prentice J R, Anzar M. Cryopreservation of mammalian oocyte for conservation of animal genetics. Vet Med Int, 2011, 2011: 146405
[145]  122 Son W Y, Yoon S H, Yoon H J, et al. Pregnancy outcome following transfer of human blastocysts vitrified on electron microscopy grids after induced collapse of the blastocoele. Hum Reprod, 2003, 18: 137-139
[146]  123 Hiraoka K, Hiraoka K, Kinutani M, et al. Blastocoele collapse by micropipetting prior to vitrification gives excellent survival and pregnancy outcomes for human day 5 and 6 expanded blastocysts. Hum Reprod, 2004, 19: 2884-2888
[147]  124 Martino A, Pollard J W, Leibo S, et al. Effect of chilling bovine oocytes on their developmental competence. Mol Reprod Dev, 1996, 45: 503-512
[148]  125 Dinnyés A, Dai Y, Jiang S, et al. High developmental rates of vitrified bovine oocytes following parthenogenetic activation, in vitro fertilization, and somatic cell nuclear transfer. Biol Reprod, 2000, 63: 513-518
[149]  126 Fahy G M, Lilley T H, Linsdell H, et al. Cryoprotectant toxicity and cryoprotectant toxicity reduction: in search of molecular mechanisms. Cryobiology, 1990, 27: 247-268
[150]  127 Nakagata N. High survival rate of unfertilized mouse oocytes after vitrification. J Reprod Fertil, 1989, 87: 479-483
[151]  128 Wang C T, Liang L, Witz C, et al. Optimized protocol for cryopreservation of human eggs improves developmental competence and implantation of resulting embryos. J Ovarian Res, 2013, 6: 15
[152]  129 Wang L, Liu J, Zhou G B, et al. Quantitative investigations on the effects of exposure durations to the combined cryoprotective agents on mouse oocyte vitrification procedures. Biol Reprod, 2011, 85: 884-894
[153]  130 Shaw J, Jones G. Terminology associated with vitrification and other cryopreservation procedures for oocytes and embryos. Hum Reprod Update, 2003, 9: 583-605
[154]  131 Tan Y J, Xiong Y, Ding G L, et al. Cryoprotectants up-regulate expression of mouse oocyte AQP7, which facilitates water diffusion during cryopreservation. Fertil Steril, 2013, 99: 1428-1435

Full-Text

Contact Us

service@oalib.com

QQ:3279437679

WhatsApp +8615387084133