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Physics 2014
Non-relativistic Nambu-Goldstone modes associated with spontaneously broken space-time and internal symmetriesDOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.113.120403 Abstract: We show that a momentum operator of a translational symmetry may not commute with an internal symmetry operator in the presence of a topological soliton in non-relativistic theories. As a striking consequence, there appears a coupled Nambu-Goldstone mode with a quadratic dispersion consisting of translational and internal zero modes in the vicinity of a domain wall in an O(3) sigma model, a magnetic domain wall in ferromagnets with an easy axis.
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