[1] | Charlesworth D, Charlesworth B (1987) Inbreeding depression and its evolutionary consequences. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 18: 237–268. doi: 10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.18.1.237
|
[2] | Szulkin M, Stopher KV, Pemberton JM, Reid JM (2013) Inbreeding avoidance, tolerance, or preference in animals? Trends in Ecology & Evolution 28: 205–211. doi: 10.1016/j.tree.2012.10.016
|
[3] | Pusey A, Wolf M (1996) Inbreeding avoidance in animals. Trends in Ecology & Evolution 11: 201–206. doi: 10.1016/0169-5347(96)10028-8
|
[4] | Pusey AE (1987) Sex-biased dispersal and inbreeding avoidance in birds and mammals. Trends in Ecology & Evolution 2: 295–299. doi: 10.1016/0169-5347(87)90081-4
|
[5] | Perrin N, Mazalov V (1999) Dispersal and inbreeding avoidance. American Naturalist 154: 282–292. doi: 10.1086/303236
|
[6] | Bilde T, Lubin Y, Smith D, Schneider JM, Maklakov AA (2005) The transition to social inbred mating systems in spiders: role of inbreeding tolerance in a subsocial predecessor. Evolution 59: 160–174. doi: 10.1554/04-361
|
[7] | Bukowski TC, Aviles L (2002) Asynchronous maturation of the sexes may limit close inbreeding in a subsocial spider. Canadian Journal of Zoology-Revue Canadienne De Zoologie 80: 193–198. doi: 10.1139/z01-220
|
[8] | Clarke FM, Miethe GH, Bennett NC (2001) Reproductive suppression in female Damaraland mole-rats Cryptomys damarensis: dominant control or self-restraint? Proceedings of the Royal Society B-Biological Sciences 268: 899–909. doi: 10.1098/rspb.2000.1426
|
[9] | Tregenza T, Wedell N (2000) Genetic compatibility, mate choice and patterns of parentage: Invited review. Molecular Ecology 9: 1013–1027. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-294x.2000.00964.x
|
[10] | Yasui Y (1998) The ‘genetic benefits’ of female multiple mating reconsidered. Trends in Ecology & Evolution 13: 246–250. doi: 10.1016/s0169-5347(98)01383-4
|
[11] | Lihoreau M, Zimmer C, Rivault C (2007) Kin recognition and incest avoidance in a group-living insect. Behavioral Ecology 18: 880–887. doi: 10.1093/beheco/arm046
|
[12] | Penn DJ, Potts WK (1999) The evolution of mating preferences and major histocompatibility complex genes. American Naturalist 153: 145–164. doi: 10.1086/303166
|
[13] | Zeh JA, Zeh DW (1996) The evolution of polyandry I: Intragenomic conflict and genetic incompatibility. Proceedings of the Royal Society B-Biological Sciences 263: 1711–1717. doi: 10.1098/rspb.1996.0250
|
[14] | Jennions MD, Petrie M (2000) Why do females mate multiply? A review of the genetic benefits. Biological Reviews 75: 21–64. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-185x.1999.tb00040.x
|
[15] | Firman RC, Simmons LW (2008) The frequency of multiple paternity predicts variation in testes size among island populations of house mice. Journal of Evolutionary Biology 21: 1524–1533. doi: 10.1111/j.1420-9101.2008.01612.x
|
[16] | Birkhead TR, Moller AP (1995) Extra-pair copulation and extra-pair paternity in birds. Animal Behaviour 49: 843–848. doi: 10.1016/0003-3472(95)80217-7
|
[17] | Tregenza T, Wedell N (2002) Polyandrous females avoid costs of inbreeding. Nature 415: 71–73. doi: 10.1038/415071a
|
[18] | Bretman A, Newcombe D, Tregenza T (2009) Promiscuous females avoid inbreeding by controlling sperm storage. Molecular Ecology 18: 3340–3345. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-294x.2009.04301.x
|
[19] | Bretman A, Wedell N, Tregenza T (2004) Molecular evidence of post-copulatory inbreeding avoidance in the field cricket Gryllus bimaculatus. Proceedings of the Royal Society B-Biological Sciences 271: 159–164. doi: 10.1098/rspb.2003.2563
|
[20] | Welke K, Schneider JM (2009) Inbreeding avoidance through cryptic female choice in the cannibalistic orb-web spider Argiope lobata. Behavioral Ecology 20: 1056–1062. doi: 10.1093/beheco/arp097
|
[21] | Bateman AJ (1948) Intra-sexual selection in Drosophila. Heredity 2: 349–368. doi: 10.1038/hdy.1948.21
|
[22] | Smith RH (1979) On selection for inbreeding in polygynous animals. Heredity 43: 205–211. doi: 10.1038/hdy.1979.75
|
[23] | Parker GA (1979) Sexual selection and sexual conflict. In: Blum MS, Blum NA, editors. Sexual Selection and Reproductive Competition in Insects: Academic Press. pp. 123–166.
|
[24] | Welke KW, Zimmer SM, Schneider JM (2012) Conditional monogyny: female quality predicts male faithfulness. Frontiers in Zoology 9..
|
[25] | Fromhage L, McNamara JM, Houston AI (2008) A model for the evolutionary maintenance of monogyny in spiders. Journal of Theoretical Biology 250: 524–531. doi: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2007.10.008
|
[26] | Schneider JM, Fromhage L (2010) Monogynous mating strategies in spiders. In: Kappeler P, editor. Animal Behaviour: Evolution and Mechanisms: Springer.
|
[27] | Herberstein ME, Barry KL, Turoczy MA, Wills E, Youssef C, et al. (2005) Post-copulation mate guarding in the sexually cannibalistic St Andrew's Cross spider (Araneae Araneidae). Ethology Ecology & Evolution 17: 17–26. doi: 10.1080/08927014.2005.9522612
|
[28] | Miller JA (2007) Repeated evolution of male sacrifice behavior in spiders correlated with genital mutilation. Evolution 61: 1301–1315. doi: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.2007.00115.x
|
[29] | Mayr E (1963) Animal Species and Evolution. Cambridge, Massachusetts: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press.
|
[30] | Eckert CG, Samis KE, Lougheed SC (2008) Genetic variation across species' geographical ranges: the central-marginal hypothesis and beyond. Molecular Ecology 17: 1170–1188. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-294x.2007.03659.x
|
[31] | Simmons LW (2011) Inbreeding depression in the competitive fertilization success of male crickets. Journal of Evolutionary Biology 24: 415–421. doi: 10.1111/j.1420-9101.2010.02179.x
|
[32] | Bilde T, Maklakov AA, Schilling N (2007) Inbreeding avoidance in spiders: evidence for rescue effect in fecundity of female spiders with outbreeding opportunity. Journal of Evolutionary Biology 20: 1237–1242. doi: 10.1111/j.1420-9101.2006.01280.x
|
[33] | Aviles L, Bukowski TC (2006) Group living and inbreeding depression in a subsocial spider. Proceedings of the Royal Society B-Biological Sciences 273: 157–163. doi: 10.1098/rspb.2005.3308
|
[34] | Jamieson IG (2011) Founder Effects, Inbreeding, and Loss of Genetic Diversity in Four Avian Reintroduction Programs. Conservation Biology 25: 115–123. doi: 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2010.01574.x
|
[35] | Barrett SCH, Charlesworth D (1991) Effects of a change in the level of inbreeding on the genetic load. Nature 352: 522–524. doi: 10.1038/352522a0
|
[36] | Crnokrak P, Barrett SCH (2002) Perspective: Purging the genetic load: A review of the experimental evidence. Evolution 56: 2347–2358. doi: 10.1111/j.0014-3820.2002.tb00160.x
|
[37] | Purcell KM, Ling N, Stockwell CA (2012) Evaluation of the introduction history and genetic diversity of a serially introduced fish population in New Zealand. Biological Invasions 14: 2057–2065. doi: 10.1007/s10530-012-0213-1
|
[38] | Kumschick S, Fronzek S, Entling MH, Nentwig W (2011) Rapid spread of the wasp spider Argiope bruennichi across Europe: a consequence of climate change? Climatic Change 109: 319–329. doi: 10.1007/s10584-011-0139-0
|
[39] | Suter RB (1991) Ballooning in spiders - results of wind-tunnel experiments. Ethology Ecology & Evolution 3: 13–25. doi: 10.1080/08927014.1991.9525385
|
[40] | Bonte D, Vandenbroecke N, Lens L, Maelfait JP (2003) Low propensity for aerial dispersal in specialist spiders from fragmented landscapes. Proceedings of the Royal Society B-Biological Sciences 270: 1601–1607. doi: 10.1098/rspb.2003.2432
|
[41] | Scopoli JA (1772) Observationes zoologicae. in: Annus V, Historico-naturalis Lipsiae, pp70–128 (Araneae, pp125–126).
|
[42] | Krehenwinkel H, Tautz D (2013) Northern range expansion of European populations of the wasp spider Argiope bruennichi is associated with global warming-correlated genetic admixture and population-specific temperature adaptations. Molecular Ecology 22: 2232–2248. doi: 10.1111/mec.12223
|
[43] | Guttmann R (1979) Zur Arealentwicklung und ?kologie der Wespenspinne (Argiope bruennichi) in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland und den angrenzenden L?ndern (Araneae). Bonner zoologische Beitr?ge 30: 454–486.
|
[44] | Foelix RF (2011) Biology of Spiders. New York: Oxford University Press.
|
[45] | Uhl G, Nessler SH, Schneider J (2007) Copulatory mechanism in a sexually cannibalistic spider with genital mutilation (Araneae: Araneidae: Argiope bruennichi). Zoology 110: 398–408. doi: 10.1016/j.zool.2007.07.003
|
[46] | Nessler SH, Uhl G, Schneider JM (2007) Genital damage in the orb-web spider Argiope bruennichi (Araneae: Araneidae) increases paternity success. Behavioral Ecology 18: 174–181. doi: 10.1093/beheco/arl074
|
[47] | Schneider JM, Gilberg S, Fromhage L, Uhl G (2006) Sexual conflict over copulation duration in a cannibalistic spider. Animal Behaviour 71: 781–788. doi: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2005.05.012
|
[48] | Foellmer MW, Fairbairn DJ (2003) Spontaneous male death during copulation in an orb-weaving spider. Proceedings of the Royal Society B-Biological Sciences 270: S183–S185. doi: 10.1098/rsbl.2003.0042
|
[49] | Sasaki T, Iwahashi O (1995) Sexual cannibalism in an orb-weaving spider Argiope aemula. Animal Behaviour 49: 1119–1121. doi: 10.1006/anbe.1995.0140
|
[50] | Crome W, Crome I (1961) Paarung und Eiablage bei Argyope bruennichi (Scopoli) auf Grund von Freilandbeobachtungen an zwei Populationen im Spreewald/Mark Brandenburg (Araneae: Araneidae). Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin 37: 189–252.
|
[51] | Zimmer SM, Welke KW, Schneider JM (2012) Determinants of Natural Mating Success in the Cannibalistic Orb-Web Spider Argiope bruennichi. PloS one 7: e31389. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0031389
|
[52] | Dieringer D, Schlotterer C (2003) Microsatellite Analyser (MSA): a platform independent analysis tool for large microsatellite data sets. Molecular Ecology Notes 3: 167–169. doi: 10.1046/j.1471-8286.2003.00351.x
|
[53] | Van Oosterhout C, Hutchinson WF, Wills DPM, Shipley P (2004) Micro-Checker: software for identifying and correcting genotyping errors in microsatellite data. Molecular Ecology Notes 4: 535–538. doi: 10.1111/j.1471-8286.2004.00684.x
|
[54] | Tamura K, Dudley J, Nei M, Kumar S (2007) MEGA4: Molecular evolutionary genetics analysis (MEGA) software version 4.0. Molecular Biology and Evolution 24: 1596–1599. doi: 10.1093/molbev/msm092
|
[55] | Librado P, Rozas J (2009) DnaSP v5: a software for comprehensive analysis of DNA polymorphism data. Bioinformatics 25: 1451–1452. doi: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btp187
|
[56] | Zar JH (1996) Biostatistical Analysis. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Prentice Hall Inc.
|
[57] | Bretman A, Rodriguez-Munoz R, Walling C, Slate J, Tregenza T (2011) Fine-scale population structure, inbreeding risk and avoidance in a wild insect population. Molecular Ecology 20: 3045–3055. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-294x.2011.05140.x
|
[58] | Hardy OJ, Pearcy M, Aron S (2008) Small-scale spatial genetic structure in an ant species with sex-biased dispersal. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 93: 465–473. doi: 10.1111/j.1095-8312.2007.00898.x
|
[59] | Schaefer M (1977) Winter ecology of spiders (Araneida). Zeitschrift Fur Angewandte Entomologie-Journal of Applied Entomology 83: 113–134. doi: 10.1111/j.1439-0418.1977.tb02381.x
|
[60] | Bell JR, Bohan DA, Shaw EM, Weyman GS (2005) Ballooning dispersal using silk: world fauna, phylogenies, genetics and models. Bulletin of Entomological Research 95: 69–114. doi: 10.1079/ber2004350
|
[61] | Ruch J, Heinrich L, Bilde T, Schneider JM (2009) The evolution of social inbreeding mating systems in spiders: limited male mating dispersal and lack of pre-copulatory inbreeding avoidance in a subsocial predecessor. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 98: 851–859. doi: 10.1111/j.1095-8312.2009.01322.x
|
[62] | Zeh JA, Zeh DW (1997) The evolution of polyandry. 2. Post-copulatory defences against genetic incompatibility. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series B-Biological Sciences 264: 69–75. doi: 10.1098/rspb.1997.0010
|
[63] | Schneider JM, Lesmono K (2009) Courtship raises male fertilization success through post-mating sexual selection in a spider. Proceedings of the Royal Society B-Biological Sciences 276: 3105–3111. doi: 10.1098/rspb.2009.0694
|
[64] | Elgar MA, Schneider JM, Herberstein ME (2000) Female control of paternity in the sexually cannibalistic spider Argiope keyserlingi. Proceedings of the Royal Society B-Biological Sciences 267: 2439–2443. doi: 10.1098/rspb.2000.1303
|
[65] | Welke KW, Schneider JM (2010) Males of the orb-web spider Argiope bruennichi sacrifice themselves to unrelated females. Biology Letters 6: 585–588. doi: 10.1098/rsbl.2010.0214
|
[66] | Fromhage L, Schneider JM (2012) A mate to die for? A model of conditional monogyny in cannibalistic spiders. Ecology and Evolution 2: 2572–2582. doi: 10.1002/ece3.372
|
[67] | Pemberton J (2004) Measuring inbreeding depression in the wild: the old ways are the best. Trends in Ecology & Evolution 19: 613–615. doi: 10.1016/j.tree.2004.09.010
|
[68] | Grueber CE, Waters JM, Jamieson IG (2011) The imprecision of heterozygosity-fitness correlations hinders the detection of inbreeding and inbreeding depression in a threatened species. Molecular Ecology 20: 67–79. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-294x.2010.04930.x
|
[69] | Walter A, Bliss P, Moritz RFA (2005) The wasp spider Argiope bruennichi (Arachnida, Araneidae): Ballooning is not an obligate life history phase. Journal of Arachnology 33: 516–522. doi: 10.1636/04-78.1
|
[70] | Follner K, Klarenberg A (1995) Aeronautic behaviour in the wasp-like spider, Argiope bruennichi (Scopoli) (Araneae, Argiopidae). In: Rú?i?ka V, editor. Proceedings of the 15th European Colloquium of Arachnology, ?eské Bude?jovice 1994. ?eské Bude?jovice: Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology.
|
[71] | Rutten KB, Schulz I, Olek K, Uhl G (2001) Polymorphic microsatellite markers in the spider Pholcus phalangioides isolated from a library enriched for CA repeats. Molecular Ecology Notes 1: 255–257. doi: 10.1046/j.1471-8278.2001.00096.x
|
[72] | Bilde T, Tuni C, Cariani A, Santini A, Tabarroni C, et al. (2009) Characterization of microsatellite loci in the subsocial spider Stegodyphus lineatus (Araneae: Eresidae). Molecular Ecology Resources 9: 128–130. doi: 10.1111/j.1755-0998.2008.02296.x
|
[73] | Schulte KF, Uhl G, Schneider JM (2010) Mate choice in males with one-shot genitalia: limited importance of female fecundity. Animal Behaviour 80: 699–706. doi: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2010.07.005
|