The Effect of Different Fuels on Particle Size and Morphology of FTO Nano Powder Synthesized by Gel Combustion Method

In this study, a gel combustion method was used to prepare fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) nano pow-ders. Stannous chloride dehydrate, hydrofluoric acid, and different fuels of glycine, urea, and citric acid were used to synthesize FTO nano powder, followed by calcination at 600 °C. The results showed that us-ing citric acid as a fuel gives homogenous FTO nano powder with average particle size of 40 nm and round morphology.