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Alterations in the glutathione metabolism could be implicated in the ischemia-induced small intestinal cell damage in horses

DOI: 10.1186/1746-6148-5-10

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Abstract:

Ischemia induced a significant increase in lipid hydroperoxides, nitric oxide and carbon monoxide, and a reduction in reduced glutathione, and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) content, as well as in methionine-adenosyl-transferase and methyl-transferase activities.Our results suggest that ischemia induces harmful effects on equine small intestine, probably due to an increase in oxidative damage and proinflammatory molecules. This effect could be mediated, at least in part, by impairment in glutathione metabolism.Colic refers to any cause of abdominal pain and is the leading cause of death in horses. Much of the mortality is associated with ischemic-injured intestine because of the rapid deterioration of the intestinal barrier, absorption of bacterial lipopolysacharide and subsequent circulatory collapse [1]. Certain processes that can take place during equine colic, like intestinal ischemia and/or endotoxemia [1-4] can subject the intestine to an increased burden of oxidative stress [4,5], with the subsequent accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS). ROS are highly reactive molecules which are mainly generated in mitochondria during oxygen metabolism. Impairment in mitochondrial function may reduce the energy supply to the cells. It has been suggested that the increase in oxidative stress could be, at least in part, responsible for this fact [6].Two molecules that have been recently involved in oxidative damage and inflammatory response are Nitric oxide (NO) and Carbon monoxide (CO). Nitric oxide can act as both inflammatory mediator and RNS, either directly or through peroxynitrites generated by its interaction with O2- [7,8]. CO is one of the elements of the heme-oxygenase 1 (HO-1)-CO pathway, which has been proposed to constitute a defence system against oxidative and inflammatory damage [9].In the past, many studies have been shown that glutathione (GSH), a well-known antioxidant [10,11] protects cells and organs from various

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