Interventions for increasing chlamydia screening in primary care: a review

A Medline search was conducted for controlled trials that assessed the effectiveness of interventions aimed at improving chlamydia screening rates in primary health care settings. The Medline search was done for studies in English published prior to December 2005 using the following key words: chlamydia, screening, intervention, primary care and GPs. In addition, the references cited in the articles were reviewed. Studies in English published prior to December 2005 were reviewed.Four controlled studies met the inclusion criteria – 3 were randomized studies and one was not. Strategies to increase screening rates included the use of educational packages targeting primary care physicians and the correction of barriers to screening within clinic systems. In 3 studies, the intervention was associated with an increase in screening rates of between 100% and 276% (p < 0.04). In the fourth study, the intervention was associated with a significant attenuation in declining screening rates over time (4% versus 34% decline, p = 0.04).There are only a limited number of randomized or controlled studies that demonstrate improved chlamydia screening of younger women in primary care.Chlamydia trachomatis is the most commonly reported bacterial sexually transmitted infection (STI) in the world [1]. This is of concern as untreated infection can lead to serious complications such as pelvic inflammatory disease, tubal infertility and ectopic pregnancy. Most individuals infected with chlamydia are asymptomatic [2,3], so screening is necessary to detect cases and to reduce the risk of complications. Studies suggest that selective screening for chlamydia reduces the prevalence of infection and the incidence of pelvic inflammatory disease [4,5].Opportunistic screening of sexually active females less than 25 years of age for chlamydia in primary care has been recommended in a number of industrialized countries [6,8]. In Australia, over 80% of women aged 16–24 years visit a general practitione