Herbicides, namely 4-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy) butyrate (DPBA) and 2-(3-chlorophenoxy) propionate (CPPA), were intercalated simultaneously into the interlayers of zinc layered hydroxide (ZLH) by direct reaction of zinc oxide with both anions under aqueous environment to form a new nanohybrid containing both herbicides labeled as ZCDX. Successful intercalation of both anions simultaneously into the interlayer gallery space of ZLH was studied by PXRD, with basal spacing of 28.7 ? and supported by FTIR, TGA/DTG and UV-visible studies. Simultaneous release of both CPPA and DPBA anions into the release media was found to be governed by a pseudo second-order equation. The loading and percentage release of the DPBA is higher than the CPPA anion, which indicates that the DPBA anion was preferentially intercalated into and released from the ZLH interlayer galleries. This work shows that layered single metal hydroxide, particularly ZLH, is a suitable host for the controlled release formulation of two herbicides simultaneously.
References
[1]
Miao, J.; Xue, M.; Itoh, H.; Feng, Q. Hydrothermal synthesis of layered hydroxide zinc benzoate compounds and their exfoliation reactions. J. Mater. Chem 2006, 16, 474–480.
[2]
Lv, L.; Sun, P.; Gu, Z.; Du, H.; Pang, X.; Tao, X.; Xu, R.; Xu, L. Removal of chloride ion from aqueous solution by ZnAl-NO3 layered double hydroxides as anion-exchanger. J. Hazmat 2009, 161, 1444–1449.
[3]
Nalawade, P.; Aware, B.; Kadam, V.J.; Hirlekar, R.S. Layered double hydroxides: A review. J. Sci. Ind. Res 2009, 68, 267–272.
[4]
Kasai, A.; Fujihara, S. Layered single-metal hydroxide/ethylene glycol as a new class of hybrid material. Inorg. Chem 2006, 45, 415–418.
[5]
Newman, S.P.; Jones, W. Comparative study of some layered hydroxide salts containing exchangeable interlayer anions. J. Solid State Chem 1999, 148, 26–40.
[6]
Morioka, H.; Tagaya, H.; Kasaru, M.; Kadokawa, J.; Chiba, K. Effects of zinc on the new preparation method of hydroxyl double salts. Inorg. Chem 1999, 38, 4211–4216.
[7]
Kandare, E.; Hossenlopp, J.M. Hydroxyl double salt anion exchange kinetics: Effects of precursor structure and anion size. J. Phys. Chem 2005, 109, 8469–8475.
[8]
Hussein, M.Z.; Ghotbi, M.Y.; Yahaya, A.H.; Rahman, M.Z.A. Synthesis and characterization of (zinc-layered-gallate) nanohybrid using structural memory effect. Mater. Chem. Phys 2009, 113, 491–496.
[9]
Marangoni, R.; Ramos, L.P.; Wypych, F. New multifunctional materials obtained by the intercalation of anionic dyes into layered zinc hydroxide nitrate followed by dispersion into Poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA). J. Colloid Interface Sci 2009, 330, 303–309.
[10]
Altuntasoglu, O.; Matsuda, Y.; Ida, S.; Matsumoto, Y. Syntheses of zinc oxide and zinc hydroxide single. Nanosheets Chem. Mater 2010, 22, 3158–3164.
[11]
Zhao, L.; Miao, J.; Wang, H.; Ishikawa, Y.; Feng, Q. Synthesis and exfoliation of layered hydroxide zinc aminobenzoate compounds. J. Ceram. Soc. Jpn 2009, 117, 1115–1119.
[12]
Arizaga, G.G.C.; Satyanarayana, K.G.; Wypych, F. Layered hydroxide salts: Synthesis, properties and potential applications. Solid State Ion 2007, 178, 1143–1162.
[13]
Kuk, W.K.; Huh, Y.D. Preferential intercalation of organic anions into layered double hydroxide. Bull. Korean Chem. Soc 1998, 19, 1032–1036.
[14]
Hwang, S.H.; Han, Y.S.; Choy, J.H. Intercalation of functional organic molecules with pharmaceutical, cosmeceutical and nutraceutical functions into layered double hydroxides and zinc basic salts. Bull. Korean Chem. Soc 2001, 22, 1019–1022.
[15]
Yang, J.H.; Han, Y.S.; Park, M.; Park, T.; Hwang, S.J.; Choy, J.H. New inorganic-based drug delivery system of indole-3-acetic acid-layered metal hydroxide nanohybrids with controlled release rate. Chem. Mater 2007, 19, 2679–2685.
[16]
Rocca, E.; Caillet, C.; Mesbah, A.; Francois, M.; Steinmetz, J. Intercalation in zinc-layered hydroxide: Zinc ydroxyheptanoate used as protective material on zinc. Chem. Mater 2006, 18, 6186–6193.
[17]
Demel, J.; Kubát, P.; Jirka, I.; Ková?, P.; Pospí?il, M.; Lang, K. J. Phys. Chem 2010, 114, 16321–16328.
[18]
Bull, R.M.R.; Markland, C.; Williams, G.R.; O’Hare, D. Hydroxy double salts as versatile storage and delivery matrices. J. Mater. Chem 2011, 21, 1822–1828.
[19]
Hussein, M.Z.; Al Ali, S.H.; Zainal, Z.; Hakim, M.N. Development of antiproliferative nanohybrid compound with controlled release property using ellagic acid as the active agent. Int. J. Nanomed 2011, 6, 1373–1383.
[20]
Cardoso, L.P.; Celis, R.; Cornejo, J.; Valim, J.B. Layered double hydroxides as supports for the sow release of acid herbicides. J. Agric. Food Chem 2006, 54, 5968–5975.
[21]
Lewis, D.; Cowsar, D. Principles of Controlled Release Pesticides. In Controlled Release Pesticides; Scher, H.B., Ed.; Acs Symposium Series 57; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, USA, 1977; pp. 1–14.
[22]
Li, B.; He, J.; Evans, G.; Duan, X. Inorganic layered double hydroxides as a drug delivery system-intercalation and in vitro release of fenbufen. Appl. Clay Sci 2004, 27, 199–207.
[23]
Huang, X.; Brazel, C.S. On the importance and mechanisms of burst release in matrix-controlled drug delivery systems. J. Control. Release 2001, 73, 121–136.
[24]
Khan, A.I.; Ragavan, A.; Fong, B.; Markland, C.; O’Brien, M.; Dunbar, T.G.; Williams, G.R.; O’hare, D. Recent developments in the used of layered double hydroxides as host materials for the storage and triggered release of functional anions. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res 2009, 48, 10196–10205.
[25]
Gasser, M.S. Inorganic layered double hydroxides as ascorbic acid (vitamin c) delivery system—Intercalation and their controlled release properties. Colloid Surf 2009, 73, 103–109.
[26]
Sarijo, S.H.; Hussein, M.Z.; Yahaya, A.H.; Zainal, Z.; Yarmo, M.A. Synthesis of phenoxyherbicides-intercalated layered double hydroxide nanohybrids and their controlled release property. Curr. Nanosci 2010, 6, 199–205.
[27]
Hussein, M.Z.; Hashim, N.; Yahaya, A.H.; Zainal, Z. Synthesis and characterization of [4-(2,4-dichlorophenoxybutyrate)-zinc layered hydroxide] nanohybrid. Solid State Sci 2010, 12, 770–775.
[28]
Hussein, M.Z.; Rahman, N.S.S.A.; Sarijo, S.H.; Zainal, Z. Synthesis of a monophasic nanohybrid for a controlled release formulation of two active agents simultaneously. Appl. Clay Sci 2012, 58, 60–66.
[29]
Xingfu, Z.; Zhaolin, H.; Yiqun, F.; Su, C.; Weiping, D.; Nanping, X. Microspheric organization of multilayered ZnO nanosheets with hierarchically porous structures. J. Phys. Chem 2008, 112, 11722–11728.