Bullwhip Effect in Closed-Loop Supply Chain
闭环供应链牛鞭效应分析

This paper constructs one z-transformation model analyzing the bullwhip effect for multi-echelon inventory system under closed-loop supply chain.The results shows that collecting all the returns is the best choice.Moreover,we find that the production lead time and the return delay time have impacts on the bullwhip effect,and can get the optimal strategy.