| [1] | Ministère de la Santé Publique et de la Population (MSPP)/WHO/PAHO (15 April 2011) Health cluster bulletin #23: cholera and post-quake response in Haiti. Available: http://new.paho.org/blogs/haiti/?p=1959. Accessed 4 May 2011.
|
| [2] | World Health Organization (2007) Maternal mortality in 2005. Geneva: WHO. Available: http://www.who.int/whosis/mme_2005.pdf. Accessed 15 March 2011.
|
| [3] | United Nations Population Division (2007) World population prospects: the 2006 revision. New York: United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs.
|
| [4] | Lawrence P, Meigh J, Sullivan C (2003) The Water Poverty Index: an international comparison. Natural Resources Forum: a United Nations Journal 3: 189–199. doi:10.1111/1477-8947.00054.
|
| [5] | Farmer P (2004) Political violence and public health in Haiti. N Engl J Med 350: 1483–1486. doi: 10.1056/NEJMp048081
|
| [6] | Fraser B (2010) Haiti still gripped by cholera as election looms. Lancet 376: 1813–1814. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)62151-4
|
| [7] | WHO/UNICEF (2010) Progress on sanitation and drinking water: 2010 update. Geneva: WHO/UNICEF. Available: http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/20？10/9789241563956_eng_full_text.pdf. Accessed 4 May 2011.
|
| [8] | International Organization for Migration (8 December 2010) Dramatic fall in Haiti's IDP population [press release]. Available: http://www.scribd.com/doc/46265674/Fall-？in-Haiti-s-Displaced-Population-Internat？ional-Organization-for-Migration. Accessed 4 May 2011.
|
| [9] | Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2010) Acute watery diarrhea and cholera: Haiti pre-decision brief for public health action. Available: http://www.bt.cdc.gov/disasters/earthqua？kes/haiti/waterydiarrhea_pre-decision_br？ief.asp. Accessed 4 May 2011.
|
| [10] | Kiple K (1985) Cholera and race in the Caribbean. J Lat Am Stud 17: 157–177. doi: 10.1017/S0022216X00009238
|
| [11] | Ackers ML, Quick R, Drasbek C, Hutwagner L, Tauxe R (1998) Are there national risk factors for epidemic cholera? The correlation between socioeconomic and demographic indices and cholera incidence in Latin America. Int J Epidem 27: 330–334. doi: 10.1093/ije/27.2.330
|
| [12] | Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2010) Update on cholera—Haiti, Dominican Republic, and Florida, 2010. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 59. : 1637–1641. Available: http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml？/mm5950a1.htm?s_cid=mm5950a1_w. Accessed 4 May 2011.
|
| [13] | Globovisión/AVN (26 January 2011) Ministerio de Salud confirma casos de colear en el país [in Spanish].Available: http://www.globovision.com/news.php?nid=？176062. Accessed 4 May 2011.
|
| [14] | Smith S (29 January 2011) 2d cholera case confirmed. Boston Globe. Available: http://www.boston.com/news/local/massach？usetts/articles/2011/01/29/massachusetts？_confirms_its_second_cholera_case/. Accessed 4 May 2011.
|
| [15] | Chin CS, Sorenson J, Harris J, Robins W, Charles R, et al. (2011) The origin of the Haitian cholera outbreak strain. N Engl J Med 364: 33–42. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1012928
|
| [16] | Farmer P (1992) AIDS and accusation: Haiti and the geography of blame. Berkeley (CA): University of California Press.
|
| [17] | Sack DA, Sack RB, Nair GB, Siddique AK (2004) Cholera. Lancet 363: 223–33. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(03)15328-7
|
| [18] | Harris J, LaRocque R, Charles R, Mazumder R, Khan A, et al. (2010) Cholera's western front. Lancet 376: 1961–1965. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)62172-1
|
| [19] | Pan American Health Organization (1 November 2010) EOC situation report #9. Cholera outbreak in Haiti. Available: http://new.paho.org/disasters/index.php?？option=com_docman&task=doc_download&gid=？1374. Accessed 4 May 2011.
|
| [20] | Walton D, Ivers L (2011) Responding to cholera in post-earthquake Haiti. N Engl J Med 364: 3–5. doi: 10.1056/NEJMp1012997
|
| [21] | Mintz E, Guerrant R (2009) A lion in our village—the unconscionable tragedy of cholera in Africa. N Engl J Med 360: 1060–1063. doi: 10.1056/NEJMp0810559
|
| [22] | USAID (18 February 2011) Haiti—cholera. Fact sheet #20. Available: http://www.usaid.gov/our_work/humanitari？an_assistance/disaster_assistance/countr？ies/haiti/template/fs_sr/fy2011/haiti_ch？_fs20_02-18-2011.pdf. Accessed 4 May 2011.
|
| [23] | Ministère de la Santé Publique et de la Population (MSPP) (2011) (8 April 2011) Rapport de cas 8 avril [Cholera case report]. Available: http://mspp.gouv.ht/site/index.php?optio？n=com_content&view=article&id=57&Itemid=？1 Accessed 4 May 2011.
|
| [24] | Médecins Sans Frontières (9 December 2010) In Haiti's rural north, cholera rate shows the ‘tip of the iceberg’ as outbreak spreads. Available: http://www.msf.org/msf/articles/2010/12/？in-haitis-rural-north-cholera-rate-shows？-the-tip-of-the-iceberg-as-outbreaks-spr？eads.cfm. Accessed 4 May 2011.
|
| [25] | World Health Organization (2010) WHO cholera vaccines: WHO position paper. Wkly Epidemiol Rec 85: 118. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2010.05.008
|
| [26] | Bart K, Huq Z, Khan M, Mosley W (1970) Seroepidemiologic studies during a simultaneous epidemic of infection with El Tor Ogawa and classical Inaba vibrio cholerae. J Infect Dis 121: 17–24. doi: 10.1093/infdis/121.Supplement.S17
|
| [27] | Ivers L, Farmer P, Almazor C, Léandre F (2010) Five complementary interventions to slow cholera: Haiti. Lancet 376: 2048–2051. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)62243-X
|
| [28] | World Health Organization (2004) First steps for managing an outbreak of acute diarrhea. Available: http://www.who.int/topics/cholera/public？ations/en/first_steps.pdf. Accessed 4 May 2011.
|
| [29] | Pape JW, Balasubramanyan R, Rohde JE (1988) Intestinal illness. In: Sandler RA, Jones TC, editors. New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 364–373. Medical care of refugees.
|
| [30] | Demographic and Health Survey (1994/1995) Haiti survey on mortality, morbidity, and utilization of services summary report. Available: http://www.measuredhs.com/pubs/pdf/SR49/？SR49.pdf. Accessed 4 May 2011.
|
| [31] | Demographic and Health Survey (2005–2006) Enquête mortalité, morbiditéet utilisation des services rapport de synthèse. Available: http://www.measuredhs.com/pubs/pdf/SR124？/SR124.pdf. Accessed 4 May 2011.
|
| [32] | Molla AM, Greenough WB (1985) Rice-based oral rehydration solution decreases the stool volume in acute diarrhea. Bull World Health 63: 751–756.
|
| [33] | Gore SM, Fontaine O, Pierce NF (1992) Impact of rice based oral rehydration solution on stool output and duration of diarrhea: meta-analysis of 13 clinical trials. BMJ 304: 287–91. doi: 10.1136/bmj.304.6822.287
|
| [34] | World Health Organization (2005) The treatment of diarrhoea: a manual for physicians and other senior health workers. Available: http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/20？05/9241593180.pdf. Accessed 4 May 2011.
|
| [35] | Alam DS, Yunus M, Arifeen S, Chowdury H, Larson C, et al. (2011) Zinc treatment for 5 or 10 days is equally efficacious in preventing diarrhea in the subsequent 3 months among Bangladeshi children. J Nutr 141: 312–315. doi: 10.3945/jn.110.120857
|
| [36] | Roy SK, Hossain M, Khatun W, Chakraborty B, Chowdhury S, et al. (2008) Zinc supplementation in children with cholera in Bangladesh: randomized controlled trial. BMJ 336: 266–268. doi: 10.1136/bmj.39416.646250.AE
|
| [37] | Walker CL, Black RE (2010) Zinc for the treatment of diarrhea: effect on diarrhea morbidity, mortality and incidence of future episodes. Int J Epidemiology 39: Suppl 1i63–i69. doi: 10.1093/ije/dyq023
|
| [38] | World Health Organization (June 2010) Cholera. Fact sheet 107. Available: http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheet？s/fs107/en/index.html. Accessed 4 May 2011.
|
| [39] | Nelson E, Nelson D, Salam M, Sack D (2010) Antibiotics for both moderate and severe cholera. N Engl J Med 364: 5–7. doi: 10.1056/NEJMp1013771
|
| [40] | Saha D, Karim MM, Khan WA, Ahmed S, Salam MA, et al. (2006) Single-dose azithromycin for the treatment of cholera in adults. N Engl J Med 354: 2452–2462. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa054493
|
| [41] | Codeco C, Coelho F (2006) Trends in cholera epidemiology. PLoS Med 3: e42. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.0030042.
|
| [42] | Weil AA, Khan AI, Chowdhury F, Larocque RC, Faruque AS, et al. (2009) Clinical outcomes in household contacts of patients with cholera in Bangladesh. Clin Infect Dis 49: 1473–1479. doi: 10.1086/644779
|
| [43] | Weber JT, Mintz ED, Canizares R, Semiglia A, Gomez I, et al. (1994) Epidemic cholera in Ecuador: multidrug-resistance and transmission by water and seafood. Epidemiol Infect 112: 1–11. doi: 10.1017/S0950268800057368
|
| [44] | May J, Joseph P, Pape J, Binswanger I (2010) Healthcare for Prisoners in Haiti. Ann Intern Med 153: 407–410. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-153-6-201009210-00270
|
| [45] | United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (4 February 2011) Haiti cholera situation report #35. Available: http://haiti.humanitarianresponse.info/P？ortals/0/OCHA%20Haiti%20_Cholera%20Sitre？p_35.pdf. Accessed 4 May 2011.
|
| [46] | Pan American Health Organization (2010) Health cluster bulletin: cholera outbreak in Haiti—Thursday, November 11, 2010—#1. Available: http://www.flutrackers.com/forum/showthr？ead.php?p=378280. Accessed 4 May 2011.
|
| [47] | Pan American Health Organization (2011) Health cluster bulletin: cholera outbreak in Haiti—Friday, January 21, 2011—#15. Available: http://new.paho.org/blogs/haiti/?p=1739. Accessed 4 May 2011.
|
| [48] | Schuller M (13 December 2010) Haiti's disaster after the disaster: the IDP camps and cholera. The Journal of Humanitarian Assistance. Available: http://jha.ac/2010/12/13/haiti%E2%80%99s？-disaster-after-the-disaster-the-idp-cam？ps-and-cholera/. Accessed 4 May 2011.
|
| [49] | Médecins Sans Frontières (8 December 2010) Cholera in Haiti: worrying situation in rural areas. Available: http://www.doctorswithoutborders.org/new？s/article.cfm?id=4906&cat=field-news. Accessed 4 May 2011.
|
| [50] | Médecins Sans Frontières (6 November 2010) Haiti: working to prevent an epidemic's spread. Available: http://www.doctorswithoutborders.org/new？s/article.cfm?cat=field-news&id=4840. Accessed 4 May 2011.
|
| [51] | Pan American Health Organization (3 December 2010) Cases continue to climb, but fewer patients are dying from cholera. Available: http://new.paho.org/blogs/haiti/?p=1474. Accessed 4 May 2011.
|
| [52] | Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (8 November 2010) Training-of-trainers on cholera epidemic—short course. Available: http://www.cdc.gov/haiticholera/pdf/trai？ningoftrainersoncholera_en.pdf. Accessed 4 May 2011.
|
| [53] | International Center for Diarrheal Disease Research, Bangladesh (23 November 2010) ICDDR,B emergency response team trains Haitians to combat cholera epidemic. Available: http://www.icddrb.org/news_detail.cfm?ID？=477. Accessed 4 May 2011.
|
| [54] | Rey A (21 January 2011) Haiti cholera response: stories from the field, part II. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Available: http://blogs.cdc.gov/publichealthmatters？/2011/01/haiti-cholera-response-stories-？from-the-field-part-ii/. Accessed 4 May 2011.
|
| [55] | Walton DA, Farmer PE, Lambert W, Léandre F, Koenig SP, et al. (2004) Integrated HIV prevention and care strengthens primary health care: lessons from rural Haiti. J Public Health Policy 25: 137–158. doi: 10.1057/palgrave.jphp.3190013
|
| [56] | International Center for Diarrheal Disease Research, Bangladesh (2010) Cholera outbreak training and shigellosis program manual. Available: http://www.ideact.nl/cots/entirecots.pdf. Accessed 4 May 2011.
|
| [57] | World Water Council (2002) Water poverty: index provides country ranking, Finland best, Haiti worst. Available: http://www.irc.nl/page/2472. Accessed 4 May 2011.
|
| [58] | Esty DC, Cornelius PK, editors. (2002) Environmental performance measurement: global report 2001–2002. Comparison chart available: http://www.unesco.org/bpi/wwdr/WWDR_char？t2_eng.pdf. Accessed 4 May 2011.
|
| [59] | Varma M, Satterthwaite M, Klasing A, Shoranik T, Jean J, et al. (2008) Wòch nan soley: the denial of the right to water in Haiti. Francois-Bagnoud Center for Public Health. Available: http://www.pih.org/page/-/reports/Haiti_？Report_FINAL.pdf. Accessed 4 May 2011.
|
| [60] | United Nations Development Program (2004) La vulnérabilité en Ha？ti: chémin inévitable vers la pauvreté? Rapport national sur le développement humain – Ha？ti. Available: http://hdr.undp.org/en/reports/national/？latinamericathecaribbean/haiti/haiti_200？6_fr.pdf. Accessed 4 May 2011.
|
| [61] | Pan American Health Organization (2004) Situation of potable water in Haiti. Available: http://www.paho.org/english/dd/ped/Water？.ppt. Accessed 4 May 2011.
|
| [62] | Ministère de la Santé Publique et de la Population,Haiti (2006) Enquête mortalité, morbidité et utilisation des services (EMMUS-IV): Haiti, 2005–2006. Available: http://new.paho.org/hai/index.php?option？=com_docman&task=doc_download&gid=25&Ite？mid. Accessed 4 May 2011.
|
| [63] | Pape JW (1989) Treatment of gastrointestinal infections. AIDS 161–167.
|
| [64] | Bras A, Evans E, Obison L, Brasseur P, Pape JW, et al. (2007) évaluation du risque biologique d？ à Cryptosporidium sp présent dans l'eau de boisson à Port-au-Prince (Ha？ti). [Biological assessment of cryptosporidium oocysts in drinking water in Port-au-Prince, Haiti]. Env, Risques et Santé 6(5): 355–364. doi:10.1684/ers.2007.0106.
|
| [65] | Cullen KA, Ivers L (2010) Human rights assessment in Park Jean-Marie Vincent, Port-au-Prince, Haiti. Health and Human Rights 12: Available: http://www.hhrjournal.org/index.php/hhr/？article/viewArticle/369/568. Accessed 4 May 2011.
|
| [66] | The Sphere Project (2004) Chapter 2: minimum standards in water supply, sanitation, and hygiene promotion.
|
| [67] | Guy S (2004) Haiti: the struggle for water. Available: http://www.pbs.org/frontlineworld/fellow？s/haiti/indexa.html. Accessed 4 May 2011.
|
| [68] | Daniels NA, Simons SL, Rodrigues A, Gunnlaugsson G, Forster TS, et al. (1999) First do no harm: making oral rehydration solution safer in a cholera epidemic. Am J Trop Med Hyg 60: 1051–1055.
|
| [69] | Esrey SA, Feachem RG, Hughes JM (1985) Interventions for the control of diarrheal diseases among young children: improving water supplies and excreta disposal facilities. Bull World Health Organ 63: 757–772.
|
| [70] | Clasen T, Schmidt WP, Rabie T, Roberts I, Cairncross S (2007) Interventions to improve water quality for preventing diarrhea: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ 334: 782. doi: 10.1136/bmj.39118.489931.BE
|
| [71] | World Health Organization (2002) The world health report 2002. Available: http://www.who.int/whr/2002/en/index.htm？l. Accessed 4 May 2011.
|
| [72] | Ram PK, Kelsey E, Rasoatiana , Miarintsoa RR, Rakotomalala O, et al. (2007) Bringing safe water to remote populations: an evaluation of a portable point-of-use intervention in rural Madagascar. Am J Public Health 97: 398–400. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2005.073460
|
| [73] | Doocy S, Burnham G (2006) Point of use water treatment and diarrhea reduction in the emergency context: an effectiveness trial in Liberia. Trop Med Int Health 11: 1542–52. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-3156.2006.01704.x
|
| [74] | UNICEF (2008) Promotion of household water treatment and storage in UNICEF WASH programs. Available: http://www.unicef.org/wash/files/Scaling？_up_HWTS_Jan_25th_with_comments.pdf. Accessed 4 May 2011.
|
| [75] | Basic Water Needs India (2010) The Tulip water filter. Available: http://www.basicwaterneeds.com/grove2/fm？f/userfiles/E-info%20Tulip%20water%20fil？ter%20November%202010.pdf. Accessed 4 May 2011.
|
| [76] | Clasen T, Nadakatti S, Menon S (2006) Microbiological performance of a water treatment unit designed for household use in developing countries. Trop Med Int Health 11: 1399–1405. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-3156.2006.01699.x
|
| [77] | Clasen T, Lantagne D (2009) Point of use water treatment in emergency response. Available: http://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PNADS134.p？df. Accessed 4 May 2011.
|
| [78] | Souter PF, Cruickshank GD, Tankerville MZ, Keswick BH, Ellis BD, et al. (2003) Evaluation of a new water treatment for point-of-use household applications to remove microorganisms and arsenic from drinking water. J Water Health 1: 73–84.
|
| [79] | Huq A, Yunus M, Sohel S, Bhuiya A, Emch M, et al. (2010) Simple sari cloth filtration of water is sustainable and continues to protect villagers from cholera in Matlab, Bangladesh. mBio 1: e00034–10. Available: http://mbio.asm.org/content/1/1/e00034-1？0. [abstract]. doi:10.1128/?mBio.00034-10. Accessed 4 May 2011.
|
| [80] | Center for Human Rights and Global JusticeNYU School of Law (2011) Republic of Haiti submission to the United Nations Universal Periodic Review. 12th session of the Working Group on the UPR Human Rights Council. Available: http://ijdh.org/wordpress/wp-content/upl？oads/2011/03/UPR-Right-to-Food-Water-San？-Final-English.pdf. Accessed 4 May 2011.
|
| [81] | Fewtrell L, Kaufmann R, Kay D, Enanoria W, Haller L, et al. (2005) Water, sanitation, and hygiene interventions to reduce diarrhea in less developed countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Infect Dis 5: 42–52. doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(04)01253-8
|
| [82] | Nelson E, Harris J, Morris J, Calderwood S, Camilli A (2009) Cholera transmission: the host, pathogen, and bacteriophage dynamic. Nature 7: 693–702. doi: 10.1038/nrmicro2204
|
| [83] | Faruque S, Biswas K, Udden SM, Ahmad Q, Sack D, et al. (2006) Transmissibility of cholera: in vivo-formed biofilms and their relationship to infectivity and persistence in the environment. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 103: 6350–6355. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0601277103
|
| [84] | Curtis , V (2003) Effect of washing hands with soap on diarrhoea risk in the community: a systematic review. Lancet Infect Dis 3: 275–281. doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(03)00606-6
|
| [85] | World Health Organization Global Task Force on Cholera Control (2011) Prevention. Prevention and control of cholera outbreaks: WHO policy and recommendations. Available: http://www.who.int/cholera/technical/pre？vention/control/en/index2.html. Accessed 4 May 2011.
|
| [86] | Curtis V, Cairncross S (2003) Effect of washing hands with soap on diarrhea in the community: a systematic review. Lancet 3: 275–281. doi: 10.1016/s1473-3099(03)00606-6
|
| [87] | Booth W (21 November 2010) Haiti in dire need of soap to help combat cholera epidemic. Boston Globe. Available: http://www.boston.com/news/health/articl？es/2010/11/21/haiti_in_dire_need_of_soap？_to_help_combat_cholera_epidemic/. Accessed 4 May 2011.
|
| [88] | United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (23 November 2010) Haiti: cholera situation report #20. Available: http://minustah.org/pdfs/ocha/OCHA_Haiti？_Sitrep_20_23_11_10.pdf. Accessed 4 May 2011.
|
| [89] | United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (7 December 2010) Haiti: cholera situation report #24. Available: http://reliefweb.int/node/377376. Accessed 4 May 2011.
|
| [90] | World Health Organization (1993) Annex 1: building a ventilated improved pit latrine.
|
| [91] | Madico G, Checkley W, Gilman RH, Bravo N, Cabrera L, et al. (1996) Active surveillance for Vibrio cholerae O1 and Vibriophages in sewage water as a potential to predict cholera outbreaks. J Clin Microbiol 34: 2968–2972.
|
| [92] | Pan American Health Organization (25 October 2010) PAHO: Cholera cases likely to increase in Haiti [press release]. Available: http://new.paho.org/hq/index.php?option=？com_content&task=view&id=4379&Itemid=192？6. Accessed 4 May 2011.
|
| [93] | McNeil DG Jr (10 December 2010) Use of cholera vaccine in Haiti now viewed as viable. New York Times. Available: http://www.nytimes.com/2010/12/11/world/？americas/11cholera.html. Accessed 4 May 2011.
|
| [94] | [No authors listed] (24 February 2011) Experts call for international cholera vaccine stockpile. Available: http://www.caribbean360.com/news/75594.h？tml. Accessed 4 May 2011.
|
| [95] | Cressey D (20 December 2010) Vaccine push urged in Haiti cholera fight. Nature News Blog. Available: http://blogs.nature.com/news/thegreatbey？ond/2010/12/vaccine_push_urged_in_haiti_？ch.html. Accessed 4 May 2011.
|
| [96] | Ali M, Emch M, Seidlein L, Yunus M, Sack D, et al. (2005) Herd immunity conferred by killed oral cholera vaccines: a reanalysis. Lancet 366: 44–49. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(05)66550-6
|
| [97] | Partners In Health (27 August 2010) Curbing cervical cancer in Haiti. Available: http://www.pih.org/news/entry/curbing-ce？rvical-cancer-in-haiti/. Accessed 4 May 2011.
|
| [98] | Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (19 August 2010) Teen vaccination rates increasing across the US [press release]. Available: http://www.cdc.gov/media/pressrel/2010/r？100819b.htm. Accessed 4 May 2011.
|
| [99] | Legros D, Pacuet C, Perea W, Marty I, Mugisha NK, et al. (1999) Mass vaccination with two-dose oral cholera vaccine in a refugee camp. Bull World Health 77: 837–842.
|
| [100] | Lopez AL, Clemens JD, Deen J, Jodar L (1986) Cholera vaccines for the developing world. Hum Vaccin 4: 167.
|
| [101] | Clemens JD, Sack DA, Harris JR, Charkraborty J, Khan MR, et al. (1986) Field trial of oral cholera vaccines in Bangladesh. Lancet 2: 124–127. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(86)91944-6
|
| [102] | Sanchez JL, Vasquez B, Begue RE, Meza R, Castellares G, et al. (1994) Protective efficacy of oral whole cell/recombinant B-subunit cholera vaccine in Peruvian military recruits. Lancet 344: 1273–1276. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(94)90755-2
|
| [103] | Clemens JD, Sack DA, Harris JR, Loon F, Chakraborty J, et al. (1990) Field trial of oral cholera vaccines in Bangladesh: results from three-year follow-up. Lancet 335: 270–73. doi: 10.1016/0140-6736(90)90080-O
|
| [104] | Abramson JS, Bhutta Z, Clemens J, DeRoeck D, Henkens M, et al. (2009) Background paper on the integration of oral cholera vaccines into global cholera control programs. Draft document to be presented to WHO SAGE in October 2009. Available: http://www.who.int/immunization/sage/1_B？ackground_Paper_Cholera_Vaccines_FINALdr？aft_13_oct_v2.pdf. Accessed 4 May 2011.
|
| [105] | Taylor DN, Cardenas V, Sanchez JL, Begue RE, Gilman R, et al. (2000) Two-year study of the protective efficacy of the oral whole cell plus recombinant B subunit cholera vaccine in Peru. J Infect Dis 181: 1667–1673. doi: 10.1086/315462
|
| [106] | Black RE, Levine M, Clements M, Holmgren J (1987) Protective efficacy in humans of killed whole-vibrio oral cholera vaccine with and without the B subunit of cholera toxin. Infect Immun 55: 1116–1120.
|
| [107] | Thiem V, Hossain M, Son ND, Hoa NT, Rao MR, et al. (2003) Coverage and costs of mass immunization of an oral cholera vaccine in Vietnam. J Health Popul Nutr 4: 304–308.
|
| [108] | Emch M, Mohammad A, Jin-Kyung P, Mohammad Y, Sack DA, et al. (2006) Relationship between neighborhood-level killed oral cholera vaccine coverage and protective efficacy: evidence for herd immunity. Int J Epidemiol 35: 1044–1050. doi: 10.1093/ije/dyl100
|
| [109] | Jeuland M, Cook J, Poulos C, Clemens J, Whittington D (2009) Cost-effectiveness of new-generation oral cholera vaccines: a multisite analysis. ISPOR 12: 899–908. doi: 10.1111/j.1524-4733.2009.00562.x
|
| [110] | Longini IM, Nizam A, Ali M, Yunus M, Shenvi N, et al. (2007) Controlling endemic cholera with oral vaccines. PLoS Med 4: e336. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.0040336.
|
| [111] | Chao DL, Halloran ME, Longini IM (2011) Vaccination strategies for epidemic cholera in Haiti with implications for the developing world. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. In press. E-pub ahead of print 11April 2011. doi:10.1073/pnas.1102149108.
|
| [112] | Anh DD, Lopez AL, Thiem VD, Grahek SL, Duong TN, et al. (2011) Use of oral cholera vaccines in an outbreak in Vietnam: a case control study. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 5: e1006. doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0001006.
|
| [113] | Reyburn R, Deen JL, Grais RF, Bhattacharya SK, Sur D, et al. (2011) The case for reactive mass oral cholera vaccinations. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 5: e952. doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0000952.
|
| [114] | Frew SE, Liu V, Singer P (2009) A business plan to help the ‘global south’ in its fight against neglected diseases. Health Aff (Millwood) 28: 1760–1773. doi: 10.1377/hlthaff.28.6.1760
|
| [115] | Waldor M, Hotez P, Clemens JD (2010) A national cholera vaccine stockpile — a new humanitarian and diplomatic resource. N Eng J Med 363: 2279–2282. doi: 10.1056/nejmp1012300
|
| [116] | GAVI Alliance (2007) The pneumococcal AMC: ready to save lives. Available: http://www.vaccineamc.org/pneu_amc.html. Accessed 4 May 2011.
|
| [117] | Kelland K (10 December 2010) Alliance starts pneumonia vaccine project for poor. Reuters. Available: http://www.reuters.com/article/idUSTRE6B？92VJ20101210. Accessed 4 May 2011.
|
| [118] | Soni A, Gupta R (2009) Bridging the resource gap: improving value for money in HIV/AIDS treatment. Health Aff (Millwood) 28: 1617–1628. doi: 10.1377/hlthaff.28.6.1617
|
| [119] | Jeuland M, Whittington D (2009) Cost-benefit comparisons of investments in improved water supply and cholera vaccination programs. Vaccine 27: 3109–3120. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2009.02.104
|
| [120] | Okeke IN (2009) Cholera vaccine will reduce antibiotic use. Science 325: 674. doi: 10.1126/science.325_674b
|
| [121] | United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (3 December 2010) Haiti: cholera situation report #23. Available: http://reliefweb.int/node/376914. Accessed 4 May 2011.
|
| [122] | Farmer P (2001) Community-based approaches to HIV treatment in resource-poor settings. Lancet 358: 404–409. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(01)05550-7
|
| [123] | Mukherjee J, Eustache E (2007) Community health workers as a cornerstone for integrating HIV and primary healthcare. AIDS Care 19: S73–S82. doi: 10.1080/09540120601114485
|
| [124] | Pape JW, Deschamps MM, Ford H, Joseph P, Johnson WD, et al. (2010) The GHESKIO refugee camp after the earthquake in Haiti—dispatch 2 from Port-au-Prince. N Engl J Med 10: 1–2. doi: 10.1056/nejmpv1001785
|
| [125] | Walton D, Suri A, Farmer P (2011) Cholera in Haiti: fully integrating prevention and care. Ann Intern Med 154: 635–637. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-154-9-201105030-00328
|
| [126] | Andrews JR, Basu S (2011) Transmission dynamics and control of cholera in Haiti: an epidemic model. Lancet 377: 1248–1255. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(11)60273-0
|
| [127] | Associated Press (3 December 2010) Haiti cholera epidemic ‘getting worse by the day.’. Available: http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/40494618/ns/？health-infectious_diseases/. Accessed 4 May 2011.
|
