This study utilizes an ordered probit model to analyze the determinants of sovereign credit ratings for East African countries from 2010 to 2022, based on ratings from major agencies. The findings reveal that the impact of various macroeconomic factors—such as GDP growth, GDP per capita, external debt, current account balance, inflation, and unemployment—differs according to the income level of each country. In high-income countries, GDP and the rule of law are the most significant determinants,...

Strategic Management Policy  Strategic Management  Public Economics  Statistics and Econometrics  Risk Management  Business Management  Monetary Economics  Business Finance and Investment  Business Analysis  Finance  International Economics  Development Economics  Business Statistics and Analytics 

This study examines the impact of Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) factors on sovereign credit ratings in Sub-Saharan African countries using LASSO and Random Forest models. Sovereign credit ratings, issued by major rating agencies, play a crucial role in determining a country’s borrowing costs and investment attractiveness. Traditionally, these ratings have been influenced by macroeconomic factors; however, recent trends suggest that ESG considerations are becoming increasingly relev...

Strategic Management Policy  Statistics and Econometrics  Risk Management  Managerial Economics  Business Finance and Investment  Finance  Business Analysis  Corporate Governance  Business and Economics Education  Development Economics  Business Statistics and Analytics  Financial Reporting 

The increasing popularity of natural parks as tourist destinations presents economic benefits but also environmental challenges, necessitating a balance between conservation and visitor experience. This study in the Bicol region, Philippines, examines the relationship among resource conservation strategies, visitor experience, and satisfaction at natural parks governed by the National Integrated Protected Areas System (NIPAS) Act. Utilizing a descriptive-correlational research design and stratif...

Strategic Management Policy  Strategic Management  Public Administration  Tourism Economy  Environmental Sciences 

The Russia-Ukraine military conflict is unfolding social and economic consequences far beyond the central Asian or Eurasian borders. European nations found themselves paying the highest gas price in history to meet their energy requirements. Options available for Europe to deal with this situation are: 1) Increased European Gas Production; 2) Increased LNG Imports from US and Asia; 3) Increased Gas Imports via Pipelines from Neighbouring Areas. Given the recent exponential rise in LNG prices, Eu...

Strategic Management Policy  Political Economy  International Relations  Project Management and Strategy  Public Policy  Politics 

This paper investigates the electric energy tariff in the developing countries on the basis of per unit system analysis. The smallest actual value of a tariff in the sample of countries is considered as the base for the studied system and so, a comparison is done. A tariff map is proposed for the dynamic variation of tariffs in different countries where the map becomes as a texture image. This simplifies comments and conclusions for the tariff traveling within others. The sample of countries is ...

Strategic Management Policy  Marketing  Engineering Management