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Jan 06, 2026Open Access
This study utilizes an ordered probit model to analyze the determinants of sovereign credit ratings for East African countries from 2010 to 2022, based on ratings from major agencies. The findings reveal that the impact of various macroeconomic factors—such as GDP growth, GDP per capita, external debt, current account balance, inflation, and unemployment—differs according to the income level of each country. In high-income countries, GDP and the rule of law are the most significant determinants,...
Jun 13, 2025Open Access
This study examines the impact of Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) factors on sovereign credit ratings in Sub-Saharan African countries using LASSO and Random Forest models. Sovereign credit ratings, issued by major rating agencies, play a crucial role in determining a country’s borrowing costs and investment attractiveness. Traditionally, these ratings have been influenced by macroeconomic factors; however, recent trends suggest that ESG considerations are becoming increasingly relev...
May 29, 2024Open Access
The primary objective of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) is to end poverty in all forms by 2030. Motivated by this agenda, this study examines the direct impacts of financial technology (fintech) and its sub-measures on poverty. The study uses two analysis tools: linear regression and Pearson correlation coefficient analysis on annual data for seven Southeast Asian countries from 2018 to 2021. The seven countries are divided into two groups based on their income levels: m...
Sep 21, 2022Open Access
This research aimed to investigate site quality influence on customer satisfaction as well as the role of customer satisfaction in forming shopping intention, which can turn into actual and continuous usage of online shopping. Data was collected from 382 Ghanaian online consumers. The findings highlight the significant importance of site quality and customer satisfaction in online shopping. Additionally, shopping intention directly affected both actual usage and continuous usage, and there was a...
Apr 12, 2022Open Access
This paper examines the application of the Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) Model in modeling GDP. The paper critically reviews the empirical literature on the application of ARIMA models in modeling GDP in various economies with the objective of establishing the appropriateness and popularity of ARIMA model in studying GDP. The paper concludes that ARIMA (2, 2, 2) and ARIMA (3, 1, 1) are significantly applied in studies involving 182-days treasury bills and ARIMA (1, 1, 0) 91-da...
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