Radon is a naturally occurring radioactive gas produced by uranium decay in soil and rocks, and the dominant source of natural ionizing radiation exposure. Prolonged indoor inhalation of its alpha-emitting progeny is the second leading cause of lung cancer after tobacco smoking. This study provides the assessment of indoor radon concentrations in 25 dwellings across five villages in a mountainous region in northern Pakistan. These villages (Kamra, Thoon, Paija, Bhattian, and Chaffar) are in Kotl...

Radiology  Spectroscopy  Geology  Environmental Sciences  Applied Physics  Nuclear Technology  Nuclear Physics  Experimental Physics 

We discuss the nature of the redshift effect by assuming that the frequency and the speed of light decrease in time while it propagates from a stationary source of light relative to a stationary observer. This concept differs in a principal way from the modern model of the redshift effect, which states that the observed increase in the wavelength of emitted light from far-away objects is due to cosmological expansion of the universe. Precisely, an increase in the distance between a light source ...

Spectroscopy  Fundamental Physics  Dynamical System