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Jan 06, 2026Open Access
This study utilizes an ordered probit model to analyze the determinants of sovereign credit ratings for East African countries from 2010 to 2022, based on ratings from major agencies. The findings reveal that the impact of various macroeconomic factors—such as GDP growth, GDP per capita, external debt, current account balance, inflation, and unemployment—differs according to the income level of each country. In high-income countries, GDP and the rule of law are the most significant determinants,...
Oct 29, 2025Open Access
Due to its failure to meet the Condorcet criterion, the Borda count has historically been widely criticized. This study challenges that criticism by arguing that Borda’s divergence from Condorcet reflects the strength of preferences rather than a mere defect. The goal is to show that the Borda count is the only option that can balance the strength of individual preferences with majority rule when reexamined using Eric Maskin’s axiomatic framework. This article reinterprets Arrow’s well-known axi...
Oct 28, 2025Open Access
This study investigated the Use of Social Media in Marketing Library Services at Lira University Library. The main issue addressed is the limited engagement of students with social media accounts, which affects their awareness of library services available via these platforms and, consequently impacts the quality of education. The study employed a mixed-methods approach with a convergent parallel design; the target population included final-year students at Lira University and some library staff...
Jun 24, 2022Open Access
As a new model of public service, government purchase of services has played an active and effective role in many areas of China’s social operation. However, as a kind of institutional innovation, there are certain obstacles between the willingness of the purchasing subject, the formulation of the relevant system and the actual supply of services, and the existence of these obstacles has led to the emergence of various practical problems. This paper attempts to examine how to break through these...
Apr 19, 2022Open Access
In the post-epidemic era, community group buying platforms have focused their vision on colleges and universities, while there is almost no research on community group buying in colleges and universities, and the phenomenon of low popularity and irregular process of community group buying in colleges and universities has emerged. Therefore, in order to promote the vigorous development of community group buying in colleges and universities, this paper will take colleges and universities in Anhui ...
Aug 16, 2021Open Access
With the continuous development of social economy and urbanization, increasing demand for housing, thus the real estate industry has developed rapidly. As the limited housing supply can not meet too much housing demand, forming the contradiction between excess demand and supply shortage, the housing price in the real estate market is also gradually increasing. The rapid development of the real estate market also leads to the emergence of some phenomena. The soaring housing price has become a com...
Jul 18, 2019Open Access
Shadow economy exists in many countries. The unknown shadow economy may interrupt several economic indicators and may result in deviation from the planned and forecasted economic outcomes. The research estimates the size of the shadow economy in Egypt and eight developing MENA countries during the period 2000 to 2017 using the MIMIC approach. The research follows the descriptive explanatory ap ...
Dec 06, 2017Open Access
Wuhan-Guangzhou HSR is a passenger
line, communication with Wuhan Urban Agglomeration, Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan Urban
Agglomeration and the Pearl River Delta Urban Agglomeration. Wuhan-Guangzhou HSR
achieves a bus-based
operation, shortens the distance
between cities, conducive to economic development, regional tourism. Applying Point
Axis theory and Spatial Structure theory, this paper analyzes and contrasts regional economy and ...
Nov 17, 2017Open Access
Since the beginning of the 21st century, more and more cultural factors have been infiltrated into economic
activities, which makes the economy gain new developmental forms and
motivations. It has become the most fundamental, the most difficult to replace
and imitate, the most lasting and the most core competitive advantage in a
comprehensive national strength competition. Healthy a ...
Mar 23, 2017Open Access
This paper aims to infer about the possible consequences of the existence of moral hazard in the Brazilian’s electric sector for the final consumer. In 2013, the new regulatory framework in the Brazilian’s electric sector was settled, which aims to encourage investment in quality and continuity of this services. Thus, the fees started to incorporate the costs related to the investments needed to maintain the quality and continuity ...
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