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Feb 03, 2026Open Access
This study quantifies and compares the macroeconomic effects of public consumption versus public investment in Sierra Leone, a fragile post-conflict economy facing severe fiscal constraints, where understanding the core drivers of growth is paramount. We employ the Structural Vector Auto-regression (SVAR) approach, utilizing annual time series data from 2000 to 2024 to estimate the fiscal multipliers individually. Methodologically, this study contributes by estimating two separate SVAR models wi...
Jan 06, 2026Open Access
This study utilizes an ordered probit model to analyze the determinants of sovereign credit ratings for East African countries from 2010 to 2022, based on ratings from major agencies. The findings reveal that the impact of various macroeconomic factors—such as GDP growth, GDP per capita, external debt, current account balance, inflation, and unemployment—differs according to the income level of each country. In high-income countries, GDP and the rule of law are the most significant determinants,...
Jun 13, 2025Open Access
This study examines the impact of Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) factors on sovereign credit ratings in Sub-Saharan African countries using LASSO and Random Forest models. Sovereign credit ratings, issued by major rating agencies, play a crucial role in determining a country’s borrowing costs and investment attractiveness. Traditionally, these ratings have been influenced by macroeconomic factors; however, recent trends suggest that ESG considerations are becoming increasingly relev...
May 30, 2025Open Access
Even with the commitment of pledges like Vision 2030 and Universal Health Coverage (UHC), considerably high maternal mortality is reported in Kenya. The purpose of this study was to structure stakeholders’ perspectives on strengths and weaknesses of family-focused financing for maternal health services in Kisumu County against the background of Health Belief Model and Resource Dependency Theory. The study adopted qualitative methodology with purposive selection of 150 informants through focus gr...
May 30, 2025Open Access
With the continuous evolution of the national economy and industrial structure, college students, as the vitality source of innovation and entrepreneurship, have attracted wide attention from all walks of life. Driven by the wave of the digital economy, the innovation and entrepreneurship of college students have ushered in an unprecedented golden period. In the context of big data and Internet interweaving, college students are able to keenly capture and efficiently use the network information ...
Apr 11, 2025Open Access
This study investigates the effect of financial structure on the financial performance of listed industrial goods companies in Nigeria. The study adopted a population of all 13 listed industrial goods companies on the Nigerian Exchange Group and employed ex post facto research design method covering the period of 2013 to 2023. Secondary sources of data were collected, which included financial reports of the 13 listed industrial goods companies. Data collected was analyzed using Panel Least Squar...
Apr 11, 2025Open Access
This paper aims to analyze the effect of mobile payments on banking in rural areas of Cameroon. Using data from the World Bank Findex Database 2021 and a logistic regression model, the results show that the adoption of mobile payments facilitates the integration of individuals into the banking system in rural areas. This study highlights the key role of mobile payments as a catalyst for financial inclusion. It then emphasizes the need to encourage their adoption and promote access to mobile tech...
Mar 24, 2025Open Access
Based on the data of 30 provinces in 2010, 2013, 2016, 2019, and 2022, this paper constructed a comprehensive evaluation system of high quality economic productivity, the dynamic model, Dagum gini coefficient, Moran index, Kernel density estimation, and studied the coupling coordination characteristics, regional differences and dynamic evolution rules. The research shows that the coupling and coordination degree of new quality productivity and high-quality economic development in China shows sig...
Jul 04, 2024Open Access
With the ongoing reform of China’s economic system and the development of a market economy, labor relations have become a key factor in social stability and economic development. Trade unions, as representatives of employees’ interests, play a particularly important role in coordinating labor relations. This study utilizes relevant literature from the CNKI database and employs CiteSpace visualization software to analyze and deeply explore the research dynamics and development trends of trade uni...
May 07, 2024Open Access
The explosion in demand for foodstuffs of animal origin linked to the high growth rate and the change in eating habits has led to the development of trade in these products towards Mali which is, despite its status as a livestock country, one of the largest importers of milk and dairy products in West Africa. This study aimed to determine compliance of this trade with national regulatory requirements. Questionnaires addressed to the main players in the field were processed with Excel and Sphinx ...
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