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Jan 22, 2026Open Access
The development of low-cost and environmentally friendly solar cell technologies has attracted significant attention as an alternative to traditional silicon-based devices. Carbon dots (CD s), owing to their tunable optical band gap, strong absorption in the visible spectrum, and excellent electron-donating properties, have emerged as promising sensitizers and interfacial modifiers in solar energy conversion systems. In this study, we present a systematic investigation of CD s...
Jul 28, 2025Open Access
Due to the multiple diseases in the same patients, and the multiple medications they were taking, it was necessary to formulate medications containing two or more pharmaceutical substances to reduce the patient’s dosage and, as a result, reduce side effects. In this study aspirin and clopidogrel were formulated together in a pharmaceutical dosage form that ensures the chemical and physical stability. By wet granulation method as a first layer for clopidogrel as eduragit L100 as a polymer, which ...
Jul 22, 2025Open Access
The question concerns the determination of the ratio and interrelation between two important quantities (electrode potential, reduction potential ( Reduction potentials), and electron affinity) in most elements of the periodic table of Mendeleev; I have derived a general formula describing this interrelation:
0.04 ∙ K 0m ∙ n en ∙ E e = φ 0
where the formula takes ...
Jul 31, 2024Open Access
The natural product Adenosintriphosphate ATP and steel coatings comprise carbohydrate, amine and phosphoric acid. Both exert intumescence, but ATP produces more expanded volume than steel coating. The expansion is determined by Thermomechanical Analysis TMA, the amount of residue by Thermogravimetric Analysis TGA and the evolved or consumed heats by Differential Scanning Calorimetry DSC. Formulas of degradation allow the calculation of decomposition, char formation and expansion. A requirement f...
Mar 28, 2023Open Access
GCOOH-WO 3 composites mixed with different amounts of Graphene-COOH functionalized (GCOOH) (0, 0.05, 0.1 and 0.2 wt%) were prepared by hydrothermal method at 180°C for 10 h and 24 h. The asprepared WO 3 and GCOOH-WO 3 composites were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Raman spectroscopy and other equipment. The effect of the amount of graphene in the composites on the gas-sensing responses and the gas-sensing selecti...
Mar 28, 2023Open Access
The stannic oxide (SnO 2) was modified using Quasi-Molecular imprinting method. The morphology and structure of the modified SnO 2 were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), and transmission electron microscopy (SEM). The gas-sensing performance of the modified and unmodified SnO 2 sensors was compared, and the mechanism of MIP technique in improving the gas-sensing performance of SnO 2 was discussed. The selective test results showed that the improved...
Dec 06, 2021Open Access
The purpose of the proposed research is to ensure that the value of the distinction is adjusted to each application by using various supplements to separate and clean up biological objects. The work presents the results of studies of the phase diagram of the biphasic system composed of polyethylene glycol (PEG)/sodium citrate-water and the effect of inorganic salts (sodium sulfate, sodium carbonate, sodium nitrate, potassium sulfate, potassium chloride, potassium iodide, potassium bromide) on th...
Feb 20, 2017Open Access
The lubricating oils are essential for operating engine with high efficiency. Therefore, the physical properties of oil such as flash point, pour point, kinematic viscosity, specific gravity and the American Petroleum Institute are necessary to be studied to indicate good quality of the lubricating oil. In this study, we compare the physical properties of two virgin oils with re-refining oil. ...
Sep 13, 2016Open Access
The vapor pressure (VP) of 87 grade gasoline was
measured using an enhanced VP acquisition system over a temperature range of
approximately 19.0℃ (292.2 K) and 69.0℃ (342.2 K). The empirical data were used to predict the
thermodynamic entities the enthalpy of vaporization (ΔHvap) and the entropy of vaporization (ΔS ...
Mar 29, 2016Open Access
High-temperature and pressure boundaries of the liquid and gaseous states
have not been defined thermodynamically. Standard liquid-state physics texts use
either critical isotherms or isobars as ad hoc boundaries in phase diagrams. Here
we report that percolation transition loci can define liquid and gas states, extending
from super-critical temperatures or pressures to “ideal gas” states. Using computational
methodology described previously we present results for the thermodynamic...
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