%0 Journal Article
%T Sphingosine Kinase-1 Is Required for Toll Mediated ¦Â-Defensin 2 Induction in Human Oral Keratinocytes
%A Manjunatha R. Benakanakere
%A Jiawei Zhao
%A Johnah C. Galicia
%A Michael Martin
%A Denis F. Kinane
%J PLOS ONE
%D 2012
%I Public Library of Science (PLoS)
%R 10.1371/journal.pone.0011512
%X Host defense against invading pathogens is triggered by various receptors including toll-like receptors (TLRs). Activation of TLRs is a pivotal step in the initiation of innate, inflammatory, and antimicrobial defense mechanisms. Human ¦Â-defensin 2 (HBD-2) is a cationic antimicrobial peptide secreted upon Gram-negative bacterial perturbation in many cells. Stimulation of various TLRs has been shown to induce HBD-2 in oral keratinocytes, yet the underlying cellular mechanisms of this induction are poorly understood.
%U http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0011512