%0 Journal Article
%T Biocompatibility of 3D-Printed versus Conventional (Acrylic and Bis-Acrylic) and CAD/CAM-Milled Resins for Provisional Fixed Prosthetic Restorations: A Systematic Review
%A Souleymane Bald&#233
%A Merieme El M&#8217
%A Daghri
%A Valery Soli&#233
%A Meriem Amine
%J Open Access Library Journal
%V 13
%N 7
%P 1-17
%@ 2333-9721
%D 2026
%I Open Access Library
%R 10.4236/oalib.1115621
%X <b>Backgrou</b><b>nd</b><b>:</b> 3D-printed resins are increasingly used for temporary restorations in fixed prosthodontics, but their biocompatibility compared to conventional and CAD/CAM-milled resins remains insufficiently established. <b>Objectives</b><b>:</b> To synthesize data on the biocompatibility of 3D-printed temporary resins compared to conventional and CAD/CAM-milled resins, and to identify post-processing parameters influencing this profile. <b>Sources and </b><b>Meth</b><b>ods</b><b>:</b> The protocol was registered on PROSPERO (CRD420261383298). The systematic review was conducted according to PRISMA 2020 guidelines in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and OpenAlex for the period 2015-2026. <i>In vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> studies reporting at least one quantitative biological endpoint (cell viability, monomer elution, degree of conversion) and including a conventional or CAD/CAM comparator were included. Risk of bias was assessed using QUIN (<i>in vitro</i> studies) and RoB 2.0 (RCTs) by two independent reviewers. <b>R</b><b>esults</b><b>:</b> Thirteen studies included (12 <i>in vitro</i>, 1 RCT); moderate risk of bias for 11 <i>in vitro</i> studies, low risk for the RCT and 1 <i>in vitro</i> study. Cytotoxicity is product-specific; post-polymerization < 15 min induces a reduction in cellular metabolism, whereas 15 - 20 min results in a profile comparable to that of milled resins. Monomer elution is higher for printed resins (53 - 87 ¦̀mol/L) than for milled blocks (7.6 ¦̀mol/L), but remains below cytotoxic thresholds. Biofilm is more abundant but less pathogenic on 3D-printed resins. The ECR shows a shorter operating time (5 vs. 19 min) but a higher fracture rate (19% vs. 0%). <b>Conc</b><b>lusion</b><b>:</b> 3D-printed resins are an acceptable alternative for single-tooth temporary restorations, provided post-curing lasts ¡Ư 15 - 20 min. The use of 3D-printed resins for bridges or restorations exceeding 6 months is currently not supported by clinical evidence. Further long-term studies are needed before these indications can be recommended. Clinical trials with follow-up of ¡Ư1 year are needed.
%K 3D Printing
%K Biocompatibility
%K Cytotoxicity
%K Monomer Leaching
%K Temporary Restorations
%K Fixed Prosthodontics
%K CAD/CAM
%K PMMA
%K Bis-Acrylic Resins
%K Post-Curing
%K DLP
%K SLA
%U http://www.scirp.org/journal/PaperInformation.aspx?PaperID=152482