%0 Journal Article
%T 无动力农村生活污水处理装置中细菌群落组成及多样性的研究<br>Study on the Composition and Diversity of Bacterial Communities in a Non-Powered Rural Domestic Wastewater Treatment System
%A 陈欣怡
%A 刘禾培
%A 耿向永
%A 蒋永梅
%A 刘汉燚
%A 刘高洁
%A 陈春坛
%A 秦书丹
%J Water pollution and treatment
%P 65-77
%@ 2332-8029
%D 2025
%I Hans Publishing
%R 10.12677/wpt.2025.133009
%X 无动力污水处理装置对小水量的农村污水处理具有广阔的发展前景&#65292;而栖息其中的微生物的种类和结构决定着污水处理效果。为研究无动力农村生活污水处理装置中微生物分布格局&#65292;在不同的时间分别采集装置上层(距进水口0.3 m)和下层(距底部0.1 m)的样品&#65292;采用高通量测序技术分析样品中微生物的群落结构&#65292;并采样统计分析方法对数据进行处理。结果表明&#65292;无动力装置对污水中的COD<sub>Cr</sub>、NH<sub>3</sub>-N、TN、TP去除率分别为76.63%、82.56%、39.95%、17.41%&#65292;无动力农村生活污水装置中主要的细菌门为变形菌门(<i>Proteobacteria</i>)、放线菌门(<i>Actinobacteriota</i>)、厚壁菌门(<i>Firmicutes</i>)、拟杆菌门(<i>Bacteroidetes</i>)、绿弯菌门(<i>Chloroflexi</i>)、酸杆菌门(<i>Acidobacteriota</i>)&#65292;其中&#65292;变形菌门(<i>Proteobacteria</i>)和拟杆菌门(<i>Bacteroidetes</i>)对污水脱氮除磷起主要作用&#65292;其相对丰度分别为27.50%~90.96%和0.30%~15.95%。属水平上&#65292;除S1和X1外&#65292;其余水体中优势菌为<i>norank_f__</i><i>Rhodanobacteraceae</i><i>、</i><i>Castellaniella</i><i>、</i>红细菌属(<i>Rhodanobacter</i>)、<i>Acidocella</i>及分枝杆菌属(<i>Mycobacterium</i>)。其中第二次下层样品中(X2)微生物组成简单&#65292;主要由变形菌门(<i>Proteobacteria</i>)、放线菌门(<i>Actinobacteriota</i>)组成。综上&#65292;无动力污水处理装置中微生物种类丰富&#65292;有利于农村生活污水的处置。<br>The non-powered wastewater treatment device holds broad development prospects for small-scale rural wastewater treatment, and the types and structure of microorganisms inhabiting it determine the treatment efficiency. To investigate the microbial distribution patterns in non-powered rural domestic wastewater treatment systems, samples were collected from the upper layer (0.3 m from the inlet) and lower layer (0.1 m from the bottom) of the device at different time points. High-throughput sequencing technology was employed to analyze the microbial community structure in the samples, followed by statistical analysis methods to process the experimental data. The experimental results demonstrate that the non-powered system achieved removal efficiencies of 76.63% for COD<sub>Cr</sub>, 82.56% for NH<sub>3</sub>-N, 39.95% for TN, and 17.41% for TP in wastewater treatment. Microbial community analysis identified <i>Proteobacteria</i>, <i>Actinobacteriota</i>, <i>Firmicutes</i>, <i>Bacteroidetes</i>, <i>Chloroflexi</i>, and <i>Acidobacteriota</i> as the dominant bacterial phyla in the non-powered rural domestic wastewater treatment system. Among these, <i>Proteobacteria</i> and <i>Bacteroidetes</i> were primarily responsible for nitrogen and phosphorus removal, with their relative abundances ranging from 27.50% to 90.96% and 0.30% to 15.95%, respectively. At the genus level, the dominant taxa across all water samples (excluding S1 and X1) included <i>norank_f__</i><i>Rhodanobacteraceae</i>, <i>Castellaniella</i>, <i>Rhodanobacter</i>, <i>Acidocella</i>, and <i>Mycobacterium</i>. Notably, the microbial composition in the second lower-layer sample
%K 无动力处理装置&#65292
%K 农村生活污水&#65292
%K 高通量测序&#65292
%K 微生物群落组成<br>Non-Powered Treatment System
%K Rural Domestic Wastewater
%K High-Throughput Sequencing
%K Microbial Community Composition
%U http://www.hanspub.org/journal/PaperInformation.aspx?PaperID=119526