%0 Journal Article
%T Mass and Magnetic Flux Quanta in the Electron
%A Arlen Young
%J Journal of Modern Physics
%P 676-685
%@ 2153-120X
%D 2025
%I Scientific Research Publishing
%R 10.4236/jmp.2025.165037
%X In previous papers written by the author, the electron was modeled as having an outer shell of positive mass and an inner core of negative mass. The outer shell was assumed to have a mass much greater than the electron mass <math display='inline' xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML'>
 <mrow>
  <msub>
   <mi>m</mi>
   <mi>e</mi>
  </msub>
  </mrow>
</math>

, a mass equal to <math display='inline' xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML'>
 <mrow>
  <mfrac>
   <mn>3</mn>
   <mrow>
    <mn>2</mn><mi>&#x03B1;</mi></mrow>
  </mfrac>
  <msub>
   <mi>m</mi>
   <mi>e</mi>
  </msub>
  </mrow>
</math>

, where <math display='inline' xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML'>
 <mi>&#x03B1;</mi>
</math>

 is the fine structure constant. The outer shell mass assumption was based on the observation that the ratio of the electric and magnetic fields generated by the electron is remarkably close to the value of the fine structure constant. The author has also proposed a mass quantum of <math display='inline' xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML'>
 <mrow>
  <mfrac>
   <mn>1</mn>
   <mrow>
    <mn>2</mn><mi>&#x03B1;</mi></mrow>
  </mfrac>
  <msub>
   <mi>m</mi>
   <mi>e</mi>
  </msub>
  </mrow>
</math>

, deduced from the electron model. In this document, the mass quantum is used to justify the <math display='inline' xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML'>
 <mrow>
  <mfrac>
   <mn>3</mn>
   <mrow>
    <mn>2</mn><mi>&#x03B1;</mi></mrow>
  </mfrac>
  <msub>
   <mi>m</mi>
   <mi>e</mi>
  </msub>
  </mrow>
</math>

 outer shell mass assumption. The ratio of the electric to magnetic field is not used. Also in a previous paper, the author explained that if the outer shell has a mass of <math display='inline' xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML'>
 <mrow>
  <mfrac>
   <mn>3</mn>
   <mrow>
    <mn>2</mn><mi>&#x03B1;</mi></mrow>
  </mfrac>
  <msub>
   <mi>m</mi>
   <mi>e</mi>
  </msub>
  </mrow>
</math>

, then the electric charge on the outer shell must be <math display='inline' xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML'>
 <mrow>
  <mfrac>
   <mn>3</mn>
   <mrow>
    <mn>2</mn><mi>&#x03B1;</mi></mrow>
  </mfrac>
  <mi>e</mi></mrow>
</math>

, where <i>e</i> is the charge of the electron. This outer shell charge generates the magnetic field within the electron. It is shown from the electron model that the magnetic flux contained within the electron is exactly equal to the magnetic flux quantum observed for current in a superconductor. That fact is used to prove that the charge on the electron outer shell has a non-zero thickness. The thickness is determined
%K Electron Model
%K Mass Quantum
%K Magnetic Flux Quantum
%K Electron Charge Shell
%K Superconductor
%K G-Factor
%K Electron Inductance
%U http://www.scirp.org/journal/PaperInformation.aspx?PaperID=142711