%0 Journal Article
%T 固体沥青的成分、结构特征在古老油气藏成藏研究中的应用——以四川盆地灯影组为例
Application of Composition and Structural Characteristics of Solid Bitumen in the Study of Ancient Oil and Gas Reservoir Formation—A Case Study of the Dengying Formation in the Sichuan Basin
%A 王佳玉
%A 张鸿飞
%A 马丽君
%A 刘岚峰
%A 冯小凯
%A 许宁
%J Advances in Geosciences
%P 599-613
%@ 2163-3975
%D 2025
%I Hans Publishing
%R 10.12677/ag.2025.155059
%X 四川盆地震旦系灯影组层系中广泛发育固体沥青，作为油气裂解的伴生产物，对于油气成藏、烃源对比等方面具有重要意义，是海相高演化层系研究的重点对象之一。四川盆地震旦系灯影组固体沥青在平面上由古隆起带、斜坡带、坳陷带含量依次降低；纵向上，沥青主要富集在灯影组顶部，由灯四段向灯二段沥青含量逐渐下降。灯影组沥青中氢含量较少，总体以富氧、贫硫为特征，表明震旦系灯影组热演化程度较高，固体沥青的赋存形态对油气成藏过程中储层孔隙度的保存具较好的示踪作用，灯影组沥青形态特征大致可分为两种：一种常呈环边状或黏连枝状赋存于孔隙洞壁上，且具有原地干裂收缩缝的特征，指示古气藏未受破坏，保存至今；另一种常呈颗粒状或条带状散乱分布于晶间或晶内，破碎边界明显，指示古气藏曾遭受破坏，有新生流体注入的过程。目前针对固体沥青进行的微观力学性能测试表明，固体沥青的弹性模量会受到温度、成熟度、孔隙发育程度的影响。
Solid bitumen is widely developed in the Ediacaran Dengying Formation of the Sichuan Basin. As a byproduct of hydrocarbon cracking, it holds significant importance for hydrocarbon accumulation and source correlation, making it a key research target in high-maturity marine sequences. Spatially, the content of solid bitumen in the Dengying Formation decreases sequentially from the paleo-uplift zone to the slope zone and then to the depression zone. Vertically, bitumen is predominantly enriched in the top of the Dengying Formation, with its content gradually decreasing from the Deng 4 Member to the Deng 2 Member. The bitumen exhibits low hydrogen content and is generally oxygen-rich and sulfur-poor, indicating high thermal maturity of the Dengying Formation. The occurrence morphology of solid bitumen serves as an effective tracer for reservoir porosity preservation during hydrocarbon accumulation. Two distinct morphological types are identified: 1) annular or dendritic morphology adhering to pore walls, characterized by in-situ desiccation cracks, which suggests preservation of ancient gas reservoirs without significant disruption; and 2) granular or banded morphology scattered within crystal interstices or fractures, with obvious fragmented boundaries, indicating destruction of ancient gas reservoirs and subsequent fluid injection. Recent micromechanical tests reveal that the elastic modulus of solid bitumen is influenced by temperature, maturity, and pore development.
%K 古老油气藏，
%K 固体沥青，
%K 灯影组
Old Oil and Gas Reservoirs
%K Solid Bitumen
%K Dengying Formation
%U http://www.hanspub.org/journal/PaperInformation.aspx?PaperID=113842