%0 Journal Article %T 肌肉锻炼防治慢性腰痛的研究进展
Research Progress on Muscle Exercise in the Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Low Back Pain %A 杨元确 %A 陈锋 %A 李治 %A 刘涛 %A 刘飞 %J Traditional Chinese Medicine %P 1813-1822 %@ 2166-6059 %D 2025 %I Hans Publishing %R 10.12677/tcm.2025.144268 %X 目的：综合阐述目前国内外肌肉锻炼在防治慢性腰痛方面的作用机理及应用。方法：系统检索PubMed、中国知网等数据库的相关文献并进行深入研读与归纳总结。结果：目前国内外文献普遍认为脊柱力平衡失调是导致慢性腰痛的主要原因。这种失衡往往是由于姿势不当、外伤、老年性退变性改变等因素造成。研究发现肌肉锻炼可以通过增强核心肌群肌力、恢复腰椎稳定、调整脊柱曲度、改善椎间盘营养、促进血液循环、缓解肌肉痉挛、改善本体感觉、推进内源性阿片类药物释放等作用防治慢性腰痛。腰部核心肌群由竖脊肌、多裂肌、膈肌、盆底肌、腹横肌、腹内、外斜肌及躯干深部肌构成，上下、前后共同围成墙壁，当肌群收缩，产生腹压，维持腰椎的动力平衡。核心肌肉锻炼现已成为国内外治疗慢性腰痛的推荐方案，主要有呼吸锻炼、小飞燕、拱(臀)桥训练、后抬腿运动、直腿抬高运动、蹬足运动等。结论：针对核心肌群的解剖与生物力学特点，目前制定了如呼吸锻炼、小飞燕、拱(臀)桥训练等肌肉锻炼方式，可以通过增强核心肌群肌力、维持腰椎稳定、加速血液循环、缓解肌肉痉挛等作用恢复脊柱力学平衡，达到防治慢性腰痛的目的，其临床效果好，患者接受度高，值得推广。
Objective: To comprehensively elaborate on the current role mechanisms and applications of muscle exercises in the prevention and treatment of chronic low back pain at home and abroad. Methods: Systematically searched relevant literature in databases such as PubMed and CNKI and conducted in-depth study and inductive summary. Results: Currently, domestic and foreign literature generally believe that the imbalance of spinal force equilibrium is the main cause of chronic low back pain. This imbalance is often caused by factors such as improper postures, trauma, and senile degenerative changes. Research has found that muscle exercises can prevent and treat chronic low back pain by enhancing the muscle strength of the core muscle groups, restoring lumbar stability, adjusting the spinal curvature, improving the nutrition of the intervertebral discs, promoting blood circulation, relieving muscle spasm, improving proprioception, and promoting the release of endogenous opioids. The lumbar core muscle groups are composed of the erector spinae muscles, multifidus muscles, diaphragm, pelvic floor muscles, transversus abdominis muscles, internal and external oblique abdominal muscles, and deep trunk muscles. These muscles surround the lumbar area up-down and front-back, forming a “wall-like” structure. When the muscle groups contract, abdominal pressure is generated to maintain the dynamic balance of the lumbar spine. Core muscle exercises have now become a recommended treatment plan for chronic low back pain at home and abroad, mainly including respiratory training, prone hyperextension exercise, hip-bridge training, prone leg extension exercise, straight leg raising exercise, and foot pedaling exercise. Conclusion: In view of the anatomical and biomechanical characteristics of the core muscle groups, muscle exercise methods such as respiratory training, prone hyperextension exercise, and hip-bridge training have been developed. These exercises can restore the %K 肌肉锻炼， %K 慢性腰痛， %K 综述， %K 防治
Muscle Exercise %K Chronic Low Back Pain %K Review %K Prevention and Treatment %U http://www.hanspub.org/journal/PaperInformation.aspx?PaperID=113380